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微服务ETCD服务注册和发现

ops 2025/8/13 19:26:47

1.什么是注册中心

注册中心主要有三种角色：

服务提供者（RPC Server）：在启动时，向 Registry 注册自身服务，并向 Registry 定期发送心跳汇报存活状态。
服务消费者（RPC Client）：在启动时，向 Registry 订阅服务，把 Registry 返回的服务节点列表缓存在本地内存中，并与 RPC Sever 建立连接。
服务注册中心（Registry）：用于保存 RPC Server 的注册信息，当 RPC Server 节点发生变更时，Registry 会同步变更，RPC Client 感知后会刷新本地内存中缓存的服务节点列表。

2.框架版本

spring boot：2.7.13

spring cloud：2021.0.1

3.xxx-discovery-etcd

支持etcd作为服务的注册中心，在微服务中使用

3.1.使用

pom.xml中引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>x.xx.xxx</groupId><artifactId>xxx-discovery-etcd</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml中配置

spring:application:name: etcd-provider-examplexxx:discovery:etcd:server-addr: http://192.168.184.133:2379instance-name: provider1

启动主类增加注解@EnableDiscoveryClient

4.Spring Cloud和xxx-etcd-discovery的结合

4.1.`etcd-provider-demo`

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>etcd-provider-demo</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>x.xx.xxx</groupId><artifactId>xxx-discovery-etcd</artifactId></dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

bootstrap.yml

server:port: 18082
spring:application:name: etcd-provider-example

xxx:discovery:etcd:server-addr: http://192.168.184.133:2379instance-name: provider1

logging:level:root: DEBUGio:grpc:netty:NettyClientHandler: INFO
org:springframework:boot:autoconfigure: INFO

EtcdProviderExampleApplication

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EtcdProviderExampleApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EtcdProviderExampleApplication.class, args);}
}

EchoController

package x.xx.xxx.etcd.demo;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class EchoController {@RequestMapping(value = "/echo/{string}", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String echo(@PathVariable String string) {return System.currentTimeMillis() + "--Hello Etcd Discovery " + string;}
}

4.2.`etcd-consumer-demo`

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>etcd-consumer-demo</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>x.xx.xxx</groupId><artifactId>xxx-discovery-etcd</artifactId></dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId></dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

bootstrap.yml

server:port: 18081

spring:application:name: etcd-consumer-example

xxx:discovery:etcd:server-addr: http://192.168.184.133:2379instance-name: consumer1logging:level:root: DEBUGio:grpc:netty:NettyClientHandler: INFO
org:springframework:boot:autoconfigure: INFO

EtcdConsumerExampleApplication

package x.xx.xxx.etcd.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EtcdConsumerExampleApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(EtcdConsumerExampleApplication.class, args);}@LoadBalanced@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate() {return new RestTemplate();}@Bean@LoadBalancedpublic WebClient.Builder loadBalancedWebClientBuilder() {return WebClient.builder();}
}

TestController

package x.xx.xxx.etcd.demo;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;@RestController
public class TestController {private final RestTemplate restTemplate;@Autowiredpublic TestController(RestTemplate restTemplate) {this.restTemplate = restTemplate;}@RequestMapping(value = "/echo/{str}", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String echo(@PathVariable String str) {return restTemplate.getForObject("http://etcd-provider-example/echo/" + str, String.class);}@Autowiredprivate WebClient.Builder webClientBuilder;@RequestMapping(value = "/echo/webClient/{str}", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String echoWebClient(@PathVariable String str) {WebClient webClient = webClientBuilder.build();webClient.get().uri("http://etcd-provider-example/echo/" + str).retrieve().bodyToMono(String.class).subscribe(response -> {System.err.println("控制台响应结果:" + response);});return System.currentTimeMillis() + "--echoWebClient--" + str + "--请查看控制台是否执行成功!";}}