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SpringBoot的5种签到打卡实现方案（完整版）

news 2025/6/14 6:28:26

在现代应用开发中，签到打卡功能广泛应用于企业考勤管理、在线教育、社区运营、电商等多个领域。

它不仅是一种记录用户行为的方式，也是提升用户粘性和活跃度的重要手段。

本文将介绍5种签到打卡的实现方案。

一、基于关系型数据库的传统签到系统

1.1 基本原理

        最直接的签到系统实现方式是利用关系型数据库（如MySQL、PostgreSQL）记录每次签到行为。

这种方案设计简单，易于理解和实现，适合大多数中小型应用场景。

1.2 数据模型设计

-- 用户表
CREATE TABLE users (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,password VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 签到记录表
CREATE TABLE check_ins (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,check_in_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,check_in_date DATE NOT NULL,check_in_type VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, -- 'DAILY', 'COURSE', 'MEETING' 等location VARCHAR(255),device_info VARCHAR(255),remark VARCHAR(255),FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),UNIQUE KEY unique_user_date (user_id, check_in_date, check_in_type)
);-- 签到统计表
CREATE TABLE check_in_stats (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,total_days INT DEFAULT 0,continuous_days INT DEFAULT 0,last_check_in_date DATE,FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),UNIQUE KEY unique_user (user_id)
);

1.3 核心代码实现

实体类设计

@Data
@TableName("check_ins")
public class CheckIn {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;@TableField("user_id")private Long userId;@TableField("check_in_time")private LocalDateTime checkInTime;@TableField("check_in_date")private LocalDate checkInDate;@TableField("check_in_type")private String checkInType;private String location;@TableField("device_info")private String deviceInfo;private String remark;
}@Data
@TableName("check_in_stats")
public class CheckInStats {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;@TableField("user_id")private Long userId;@TableField("total_days")private Integer totalDays = 0;@TableField("continuous_days")private Integer continuousDays = 0;@TableField("last_check_in_date")private LocalDate lastCheckInDate;
}@Data
@TableName("users")
public class User {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;private String username;private String password;private String email;@TableField("created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;
}

Mapper层

@Mapper
public interface CheckInMapper extends BaseMapper<CheckIn> {@Select("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND check_in_type = #{type}")int countByUserIdAndType(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("type") String type);@Select("SELECT * FROM check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND check_in_date BETWEEN #{startDate} AND #{endDate} ORDER BY check_in_date ASC")List<CheckIn> findByUserIdAndDateBetween(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("startDate") LocalDate startDate, @Param("endDate") LocalDate endDate);@Select("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND check_in_date = #{date} AND check_in_type = #{type}")int existsByUserIdAndDateAndType(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("date") LocalDate date, @Param("type") String type);
}@Mapper
public interface CheckInStatsMapper extends BaseMapper<CheckInStats> {@Select("SELECT * FROM check_in_stats WHERE user_id = #{userId}")CheckInStats findByUserId(@Param("userId") Long userId);
}@Mapper
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {@Select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = #{username}")User findByUsername(@Param("username") String username);
}

Service层

@Service
@Transactional
public class CheckInService {@Autowiredprivate CheckInMapper checkInMapper;@Autowiredprivate CheckInStatsMapper checkInStatsMapper;@Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;/*** 用户签到*/public CheckIn checkIn(Long userId, String type, String location, String deviceInfo, String remark) {// 检查用户是否存在User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);if (user == null) {throw new RuntimeException("User not found");}LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();// 检查今天是否已经签到if (checkInMapper.existsByUserIdAndDateAndType(userId, today, type) > 0) {throw new RuntimeException("Already checked in today");}// 创建签到记录CheckIn checkIn = new CheckIn();checkIn.setUserId(userId);checkIn.setCheckInTime(LocalDateTime.now());checkIn.setCheckInDate(today);checkIn.setCheckInType(type);checkIn.setLocation(location);checkIn.setDeviceInfo(deviceInfo);checkIn.setRemark(remark);checkInMapper.insert(checkIn);// 更新签到统计updateCheckInStats(userId, today);return checkIn;}/*** 更新签到统计信息*/private void updateCheckInStats(Long userId, LocalDate today) {CheckInStats stats = checkInStatsMapper.findByUserId(userId);if (stats == null) {stats = new CheckInStats();stats.setUserId(userId);stats.setTotalDays(1);stats.setContinuousDays(1);stats.setLastCheckInDate(today);checkInStatsMapper.insert(stats);} else {// 更新总签到天数stats.setTotalDays(stats.getTotalDays() + 1);// 更新连续签到天数if (stats.getLastCheckInDate() != null) {if (today.minusDays(1).equals(stats.getLastCheckInDate())) {// 连续签到stats.setContinuousDays(stats.getContinuousDays() + 1);} else if (today.equals(stats.getLastCheckInDate())) {// 当天重复签到，不计算连续天数} else {// 中断连续签到stats.setContinuousDays(1);}}stats.setLastCheckInDate(today);checkInStatsMapper.updateById(stats);}}/*** 获取用户签到统计*/public CheckInStats getCheckInStats(Long userId) {CheckInStats stats = checkInStatsMapper.findByUserId(userId);if (stats == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Check-in stats not found");}return stats;}/*** 获取用户指定日期范围内的签到记录*/public List<CheckIn> getCheckInHistory(Long userId, LocalDate startDate, LocalDate endDate) {return checkInMapper.findByUserIdAndDateBetween(userId, startDate, endDate);}
}

Controller层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/check-ins")
public class CheckInController {@Autowiredprivate CheckInService checkInService;@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<CheckIn> checkIn(@RequestBody CheckInRequest request) {CheckIn checkIn = checkInService.checkIn(request.getUserId(),request.getType(),request.getLocation(),request.getDeviceInfo(),request.getRemark());return ResponseEntity.ok(checkIn);}@GetMapping("/stats/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<CheckInStats> getStats(@PathVariable Long userId) {CheckInStats stats = checkInService.getCheckInStats(userId);return ResponseEntity.ok(stats);}@GetMapping("/history/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<List<CheckIn>> getHistory(@PathVariable Long userId,@RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate startDate,@RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate endDate) {List<CheckIn> history = checkInService.getCheckInHistory(userId, startDate, endDate);return ResponseEntity.ok(history);}
}@Data
public class CheckInRequest {private Long userId;private String type;private String location;private String deviceInfo;private String remark;
}

1.4 优缺点分析

优点：

  • 设计简单直观，易于理解和实现

  • 支持丰富的数据查询和统计功能

  • 事务支持，确保数据一致性

  • 易于与现有系统集成

缺点：

  • 数据量大时查询性能可能下降

  • 连续签到统计等复杂查询逻辑实现相对繁琐

  • 不适合高并发场景

  • 数据库负载较高

1.5 适用场景

  • 中小型企业的员工考勤系统

  • 课程签到系统

  • 会议签到管理

  • 用户量不大的社区签到功能

二、基于Redis的高性能签到系统

2.1 基本原理

        利用Redis的高性能和丰富的数据结构，可以构建一个响应迅速的签到系统。尤其是对于高并发场景和需要实时统计的应用，Redis提供了显著的性能优势。

2.2 系统设计

Redis中我们可以使用以下几种数据结构来实现签到系统：

String: 记录用户最后签到时间和连续签到天数
Hash: 存储用户当天的签到详情
Sorted Set: 按签到时间排序的用户列表，便于排行榜等功能
Set: 记录每天签到的用户集合

2.3 核心代码实现

Redis配置

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {@Beanpublic RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();template.setConnectionFactory(factory);// 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer序列化和反序列化redis的value值Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();mapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);mapper.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance,ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL, JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY);serializer.setObjectMapper(mapper);template.setValueSerializer(serializer);template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());template.setHashValueSerializer(serializer);template.afterPropertiesSet();return template;}
}

签到服务实现

@Service
public class RedisCheckInService {private static final String USER_CHECKIN_KEY = "checkin:user:";private static final String DAILY_CHECKIN_KEY = "checkin:daily:";private static final String CHECKIN_RANK_KEY = "checkin:rank:";private static final String USER_STATS_KEY = "checkin:stats:";@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;/*** 用户签到*/public boolean checkIn(Long userId, String location) {String today = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);String userKey = USER_CHECKIN_KEY + userId;String dailyKey = DAILY_CHECKIN_KEY + today;// 判断用户今天是否已经签到Boolean isMember = redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(dailyKey, userId);if (isMember != null && isMember) {return false; // 已经签到过了}// 记录用户签到redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(dailyKey, userId);// 设置过期时间（35天后过期，以便统计连续签到）redisTemplate.expire(dailyKey, 35, TimeUnit.DAYS);// 记录用户签到详情Map<String, String> checkInInfo = new HashMap<>();checkInInfo.put("time", LocalDateTime.now().toString());checkInInfo.put("location", location);redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(userKey + ":" + today, checkInInfo);// 更新签到排行榜redisTemplate.opsForZSet().incrementScore(CHECKIN_RANK_KEY + today, userId, 1);// 更新用户签到统计updateUserCheckInStats(userId);return true;}/*** 更新用户签到统计*/private void updateUserCheckInStats(Long userId) {String userStatsKey = USER_STATS_KEY + userId;// 获取当前日期LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();String todayStr = today.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);// 获取用户最后签到日期String lastCheckInDate = (String) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(userStatsKey, "lastCheckInDate");// 更新总签到天数redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(userStatsKey, "totalDays", 1);// 更新连续签到天数if (lastCheckInDate != null) {LocalDate lastDate = LocalDate.parse(lastCheckInDate, DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);if (today.minusDays(1).equals(lastDate)) {// 连续签到redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(userStatsKey, "continuousDays", 1);} else if (today.equals(lastDate)) {// 当天重复签到，不增加连续天数} else {// 中断连续签到redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(userStatsKey, "continuousDays", 1);}} else {// 第一次签到redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(userStatsKey, "continuousDays", 1);}// 更新最后签到日期redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(userStatsKey, "lastCheckInDate", todayStr);}/*** 获取用户签到统计信息*/public Map<Object, Object> getUserCheckInStats(Long userId) {String userStatsKey = USER_STATS_KEY + userId;return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(userStatsKey);}/*** 获取用户是否已签到*/public boolean isUserCheckedInToday(Long userId) {String today = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);String dailyKey = DAILY_CHECKIN_KEY + today;Boolean isMember = redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(dailyKey, userId);return isMember != null && isMember;}/*** 获取今日签到用户数*/public long getTodayCheckInCount() {String today = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);String dailyKey = DAILY_CHECKIN_KEY + today;Long size = redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(dailyKey);return size != null ? size : 0;}/*** 获取签到排行榜*/public Set<ZSetOperations.TypedTuple<Object>> getCheckInRank(int limit) {String today = LocalDate.now().format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);String rankKey = CHECKIN_RANK_KEY + today;return redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRangeWithScores(rankKey, 0, limit - 1);}/*** 检查用户在指定日期是否签到*/public boolean checkUserSignedInDate(Long userId, LocalDate date) {String dateStr = date.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);String dailyKey = DAILY_CHECKIN_KEY + dateStr;Boolean isMember = redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(dailyKey, userId);return isMember != null && isMember;}/*** 获取用户指定月份的签到情况*/public List<String> getMonthlyCheckInStatus(Long userId, int year, int month) {List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();YearMonth yearMonth = YearMonth.of(year, month);// 获取指定月份的第一天和最后一天LocalDate firstDay = yearMonth.atDay(1);LocalDate lastDay = yearMonth.atEndOfMonth();// 逐一检查每一天是否签到LocalDate currentDate = firstDay;while (!currentDate.isAfter(lastDay)) {if (checkUserSignedInDate(userId, currentDate)) {result.add(currentDate.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE));}currentDate = currentDate.plusDays(1);}return result;}
}

控制器实现

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/redis-check-in")
public class RedisCheckInController {@Autowiredprivate RedisCheckInService checkInService;@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<?> checkIn(@RequestBody RedisCheckInRequest request) {boolean success = checkInService.checkIn(request.getUserId(), request.getLocation());if (success) {return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", "Check-in successful"));} else {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("message", "Already checked in today"));}}@GetMapping("/stats/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<Map<Object, Object>> getUserStats(@PathVariable Long userId) {Map<Object, Object> stats = checkInService.getUserCheckInStats(userId);return ResponseEntity.ok(stats);}@GetMapping("/status/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getCheckInStatus(@PathVariable Long userId) {boolean checkedIn = checkInService.isUserCheckedInToday(userId);long todayCount = checkInService.getTodayCheckInCount();Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();response.put("checkedIn", checkedIn);response.put("todayCount", todayCount);return ResponseEntity.ok(response);}@GetMapping("/rank")public ResponseEntity<Set<ZSetOperations.TypedTuple<Object>>> getCheckInRank(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int limit) {Set<ZSetOperations.TypedTuple<Object>> rank = checkInService.getCheckInRank(limit);return ResponseEntity.ok(rank);}@GetMapping("/monthly/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<List<String>> getMonthlyStatus(@PathVariable Long userId,@RequestParam int year,@RequestParam int month) {List<String> checkInDays = checkInService.getMonthlyCheckInStatus(userId, year, month);return ResponseEntity.ok(checkInDays);}
}@Data
public class RedisCheckInRequest {private Long userId;private String location;
}

2.4 优缺点分析

优点：

  • 极高的性能，支持高并发场景

  • 丰富的数据结构支持多种签到功能（排行榜、签到日历等）

  • 内存数据库，响应速度快

  • 适合实时统计和分析

缺点：

  • 数据持久性不如关系型数据库

  • 复杂查询能力有限

  • 内存成本较高

2.5 适用场景

  • 大型社区或应用的签到功能

  • 实时性要求高的签到系统

  • 高并发场景下的打卡功能

  • 需要签到排行榜、签到日历等交互功能的应用

三、基于位图(Bitmap)的连续签到统计系统

3.1 基本原理

Redis的Bitmap是一种非常节省空间的数据结构，它可以用来记录签到状态，每个bit位代表一天的签到状态（0表示未签到，1表示已签到）。利用Bitmap可以高效地实现连续签到统计、月度签到日历等功能，同时极大地节省内存使用。

3.2 系统设计

主要使用Redis的Bitmap操作来记录和统计用户签到情况：

  1. 每个用户每个月的签到记录使用一个Bitmap

  2. Bitmap的每一位代表当月的一天（1-31）

  3. 通过位操作可以高效地统计签到天数、连续签到等信息

3.3 核心代码实现

@Service
public class BitmapCheckInService {@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;/*** 用户签到*/public boolean checkIn(Long userId) {LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();int day = today.getDayOfMonth(); // 获取当月的第几天String key = buildSignKey(userId, today);// 检查今天是否已经签到Boolean isSigned = redisTemplate.opsForValue().getBit(key, day - 1);if (isSigned != null && isSigned) {return false; // 已经签到}// 设置签到标记redisTemplate.opsForValue().setBit(key, day - 1, true);// 设置过期时间（确保数据不会永久保存）redisTemplate.expire(key, 100, TimeUnit.DAYS);// 更新连续签到记录updateContinuousSignDays(userId);return true;}/*** 更新连续签到天数*/private void updateContinuousSignDays(Long userId) {LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();String continuousKey = "user:sign:continuous:" + userId;// 判断昨天是否签到boolean yesterdayChecked = isSignedIn(userId, today.minusDays(1));if (yesterdayChecked) {// 昨天签到了，连续签到天数+1redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(continuousKey);} else {// 昨天没签到，重置连续签到天数为1redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(continuousKey, "1");}}/*** 判断用户指定日期是否签到*/public boolean isSignedIn(Long userId, LocalDate date) {int day = date.getDayOfMonth();String key = buildSignKey(userId, date);Boolean isSigned = redisTemplate.opsForValue().getBit(key, day - 1);return isSigned != null && isSigned;}/*** 获取用户连续签到天数*/public int getContinuousSignDays(Long userId) {String continuousKey = "user:sign:continuous:" + userId;String value = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(continuousKey);return value != null ? Integer.parseInt(value) : 0;}/*** 获取用户当月签到次数*/public long getMonthSignCount(Long userId, LocalDate date) {String key = buildSignKey(userId, date);int dayOfMonth = date.lengthOfMonth(); // 当月总天数return redisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Long>) con -> {return con.bitCount(key.getBytes());});}/*** 获取用户当月签到情况*/public List<Integer> getMonthSignData(Long userId, LocalDate date) {List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();String key = buildSignKey(userId, date);int dayOfMonth = date.lengthOfMonth(); // 当月总天数for (int i = 0; i < dayOfMonth; i++) {Boolean isSigned = redisTemplate.opsForValue().getBit(key, i);result.add(isSigned != null && isSigned ? 1 : 0);}return result;}/*** 获取用户当月首次签到时间*/public int getFirstSignDay(Long userId, LocalDate date) {String key = buildSignKey(userId, date);int dayOfMonth = date.lengthOfMonth(); // 当月总天数for (int i = 0; i < dayOfMonth; i++) {Boolean isSigned = redisTemplate.opsForValue().getBit(key, i);if (isSigned != null && isSigned) {return i + 1; // 返回第一次签到的日期}}return -1; // 本月没有签到记录}/*** 构建签到Key*/private String buildSignKey(Long userId, LocalDate date) {return String.format("user:sign:%d:%d%02d", userId, date.getYear(), date.getMonthValue());}
}

控制器实现

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/bitmap-check-in")
public class BitmapCheckInController {@Autowiredprivate BitmapCheckInService checkInService;@PostMapping("/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<?> checkIn(@PathVariable Long userId) {boolean success = checkInService.checkIn(userId);if (success) {Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();response.put("success", true);response.put("continuousDays", checkInService.getContinuousSignDays(userId));return ResponseEntity.ok(response);} else {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("message", "Already checked in today"));}}@GetMapping("/{userId}/status")public ResponseEntity<?> checkInStatus(@PathVariable Long userId,@RequestParam(required = false) @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate date) {if (date == null) {date = LocalDate.now();}Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();response.put("signedToday", checkInService.isSignedIn(userId, date));response.put("continuousDays", checkInService.getContinuousSignDays(userId));response.put("monthSignCount", checkInService.getMonthSignCount(userId, date));response.put("monthSignData", checkInService.getMonthSignData(userId, date));return ResponseEntity.ok(response);}@GetMapping("/{userId}/first-sign-day")public ResponseEntity<Integer> getFirstSignDay(@PathVariable Long userId,@RequestParam(required = false) @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate date) {if (date == null) {date = LocalDate.now();}int firstDay = checkInService.getFirstSignDay(userId, date);return ResponseEntity.ok(firstDay);}
}

3.4 优缺点分析

优点：

  • 极其节省存储空间，一个月的签到记录仅需要4字节

  • 位操作性能高，适合大规模用户

  • 统计操作（如计算签到天数）非常高效

  • 适合实现签到日历和连续签到统计

缺点：

  • 不能存储签到的详细信息（如签到时间、地点等）

  • 仅适合简单的签到/未签到二元状态记录

  • 复杂的签到业务逻辑实现较困难

  • 历史数据查询相对复杂

3.5 适用场景

  • 需要节省存储空间的大规模用户签到系统

  • 社区/电商平台的每日签到奖励功能

  • 需要高效计算连续签到天数的应用

  • 移动应用的签到日历功能

四、基于地理位置的签到打卡系统

4.1 基本原理

地理位置签到系统利用用户的GPS定位信息，验证用户是否在指定区域内进行签到，常用于企业考勤、学校上课点名、实地活动签到等场景。

该方案结合了关系型数据库存储签到记录和Redis的GEO功能进行位置验证。

4.2 数据模型设计

-- 签到位置表
CREATE TABLE check_in_locations (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,latitude DOUBLE NOT NULL,longitude DOUBLE NOT NULL,radius DOUBLE NOT NULL, -- 有效半径（米）address VARCHAR(255),location_type VARCHAR(50),created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);-- 地理位置签到记录表
CREATE TABLE geo_check_ins (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,location_id BIGINT NOT NULL,check_in_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,latitude DOUBLE NOT NULL,longitude DOUBLE NOT NULL,accuracy DOUBLE, -- 定位精度（米）is_valid BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, -- 是否有效签到device_info VARCHAR(255),FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),FOREIGN KEY (location_id) REFERENCES check_in_locations(id)
);

4.3 核心代码实现

实体类设计

@Data
@TableName("check_in_locations")
public class CheckInLocation {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;private String name;private Double latitude;private Double longitude;private Double radius; // 单位：米private String address;@TableField("location_type")private String locationType;@TableField("created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;
}@Data
@TableName("geo_check_ins")
public class GeoCheckIn {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;@TableField("user_id")private Long userId;@TableField("location_id")private Long locationId;@TableField("check_in_time")private LocalDateTime checkInTime;private Double latitude;private Double longitude;private Double accuracy;@TableField("is_valid")private Boolean isValid = true;@TableField("device_info")private String deviceInfo;
}

Mapper层

@Mapper
public interface CheckInLocationMapper extends BaseMapper<CheckInLocation> {@Select("SELECT * FROM check_in_locations WHERE location_type = #{locationType}")List<CheckInLocation> findByLocationType(@Param("locationType") String locationType);
}@Mapper
public interface GeoCheckInMapper extends BaseMapper<GeoCheckIn> {@Select("SELECT * FROM geo_check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND check_in_time BETWEEN #{startTime} AND #{endTime}")List<GeoCheckIn> findByUserIdAndCheckInTimeBetween(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("startTime") LocalDateTime startTime, @Param("endTime") LocalDateTime endTime);@Select("SELECT * FROM geo_check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} AND location_id = #{locationId} " +"AND DATE(check_in_time) = DATE(#{date})")GeoCheckIn findByUserIdAndLocationIdAndDate(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("locationId") Long locationId, @Param("date") LocalDateTime date);
}

Service层

@Service
@Transactional
public class GeoCheckInService {@Autowiredprivate CheckInLocationMapper locationMapper;@Autowiredprivate GeoCheckInMapper geoCheckInMapper;@Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;private static final String GEO_KEY = "geo:locations";@PostConstructpublic void init() {// 将所有签到位置加载到Redis GEO中List<CheckInLocation> locations = locationMapper.selectList(null);if (!locations.isEmpty()) {Map<String, Point> locationPoints = new HashMap<>();for (CheckInLocation location : locations) {locationPoints.put(location.getId().toString(), new Point(location.getLongitude(), location.getLatitude()));}redisTemplate.opsForGeo().add(GEO_KEY, locationPoints);}}/*** 添加新的签到地点*/public CheckInLocation addCheckInLocation(CheckInLocation location) {location.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());locationMapper.insert(location);// 添加到Redis GEOredisTemplate.opsForGeo().add(GEO_KEY, new Point(location.getLongitude(), location.getLatitude()), location.getId().toString());return location;}/*** 用户地理位置签到*/public GeoCheckIn checkIn(Long userId, Long locationId, Double latitude, Double longitude, Double accuracy, String deviceInfo) {// 验证用户和位置是否存在User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);if (user == null) {throw new RuntimeException("User not found");}CheckInLocation location = locationMapper.selectById(locationId);if (location == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Check-in location not found");}// 检查今天是否已经在该位置签到LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();GeoCheckIn existingCheckIn = geoCheckInMapper.findByUserIdAndLocationIdAndDate(userId, locationId, now);if (existingCheckIn != null) {throw new RuntimeException("Already checked in at this location today");}// 验证用户是否在签到范围内boolean isWithinRange = isWithinCheckInRange(latitude, longitude, location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude(), location.getRadius());// 创建签到记录GeoCheckIn checkIn = new GeoCheckIn();checkIn.setUserId(userId);checkIn.setLocationId(locationId);checkIn.setCheckInTime(now);checkIn.setLatitude(latitude);checkIn.setLongitude(longitude);checkIn.setAccuracy(accuracy);checkIn.setIsValid(isWithinRange);checkIn.setDeviceInfo(deviceInfo);geoCheckInMapper.insert(checkIn);return checkIn;}/*** 检查用户是否在签到范围内*/private boolean isWithinCheckInRange(Double userLat, Double userLng, Double locationLat, Double locationLng, Double radius) {// 使用Redis GEO计算距离Distance distance = redisTemplate.opsForGeo().distance(GEO_KEY,locationLat + "," + locationLng,userLat + "," + userLng,Metrics.METERS);return distance != null && distance.getValue() <= radius;}/*** 查找附近的签到地点*/public List<GeoResult<RedisGeoCommands.GeoLocation<String>>> findNearbyLocations(Double latitude, Double longitude, Double radius) {Circle circle = new Circle(new Point(longitude, latitude), new Distance(radius, Metrics.METERS));RedisGeoCommands.GeoRadiusCommandArgs args = RedisGeoCommands.GeoRadiusCommandArgs.newGeoRadiusArgs().includeDistance().sortAscending();GeoResults<RedisGeoCommands.GeoLocation<String>> results = redisTemplate.opsForGeo().radius(GEO_KEY, circle, args);return results != null ? results.getContent() : Collections.emptyList();}/*** 获取用户签到历史*/public List<GeoCheckIn> getUserCheckInHistory(Long userId, LocalDate startDate, LocalDate endDate) {LocalDateTime startDateTime = startDate.atStartOfDay();LocalDateTime endDateTime = endDate.atTime(23, 59, 59);return geoCheckInMapper.findByUserIdAndCheckInTimeBetween(userId, startDateTime, endDateTime);}
}

Controller层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/geo-check-in")
public class GeoCheckInController {@Autowiredprivate GeoCheckInService geoCheckInService;@PostMapping("/locations")public ResponseEntity<CheckInLocation> addLocation(@RequestBody CheckInLocation location) {CheckInLocation savedLocation = geoCheckInService.addCheckInLocation(location);return ResponseEntity.ok(savedLocation);}@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<?> checkIn(@RequestBody GeoCheckInRequest request) {try {GeoCheckIn checkIn = geoCheckInService.checkIn(request.getUserId(),request.getLocationId(),request.getLatitude(),request.getLongitude(),request.getAccuracy(),request.getDeviceInfo());Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();response.put("id", checkIn.getId());response.put("checkInTime", checkIn.getCheckInTime());response.put("isValid", checkIn.getIsValid());if (!checkIn.getIsValid()) {response.put("message", "You are not within the valid check-in range");}return ResponseEntity.ok(response);} catch (RuntimeException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("message", e.getMessage()));}}@GetMapping("/nearby")public ResponseEntity<?> findNearbyLocations(@RequestParam Double latitude,@RequestParam Double longitude,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "500") Double radius) {List<GeoResult<RedisGeoCommands.GeoLocation<String>>> locations = geoCheckInService.findNearbyLocations(latitude, longitude, radius);return ResponseEntity.ok(locations);}@GetMapping("/history/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<List<GeoCheckIn>> getUserHistory(@PathVariable Long userId,@RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate startDate,@RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(iso = DateTimeFormat.ISO.DATE) LocalDate endDate) {List<GeoCheckIn> history = geoCheckInService.getUserCheckInHistory(userId, startDate, endDate);return ResponseEntity.ok(history);}
}@Data
public class GeoCheckInRequest {private Long userId;private Long locationId;private Double latitude;private Double longitude;private Double accuracy;private String deviceInfo;
}

4.4 优缺点分析

优点：

  • 利用地理位置验证提高签到真实性

  • 支持多地点签到和附近地点查找

  • 结合了关系型数据库和Redis的优势

  • 适合需要物理位置验证的场景

缺点：

  • 依赖用户设备的GPS定位精度

  • 可能受到GPS欺骗工具的影响

  • 室内定位精度可能不足

  • 系统复杂度较高

4.5 适用场景

  • 企业员工考勤系统

  • 外勤人员签到打卡

  • 学校课堂点名

  • 实地活动签到验证

  • 外卖/快递配送签收系统

五、基于二维码的签到打卡系统

5.1 基本原理

二维码签到系统通过动态生成带有时间戳和签名的二维码，用户通过扫描二维码完成签到。

这种方式适合会议、课程、活动等场景，可有效防止代签，同时简化签到流程。

5.2 数据模型设计

-- 签到活动表
CREATE TABLE check_in_events (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,description VARCHAR(500),start_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,end_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,location VARCHAR(255),organizer_id BIGINT,qr_code_refresh_interval INT DEFAULT 60, -- 二维码刷新间隔（秒）created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,FOREIGN KEY (organizer_id) REFERENCES users(id)
);-- 二维码签到记录表
CREATE TABLE qr_check_ins (id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,event_id BIGINT NOT NULL,user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,check_in_time TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,qr_code_token VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,ip_address VARCHAR(50),device_info VARCHAR(255),FOREIGN KEY (event_id) REFERENCES check_in_events(id),FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id),UNIQUE KEY unique_event_user (event_id, user_id)
);

5.3 核心代码实现

实体类设计

@Data
@TableName("check_in_events")
public class CheckInEvent {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;private String title;private String description;@TableField("start_time")private LocalDateTime startTime;@TableField("end_time")private LocalDateTime endTime;private String location;@TableField("organizer_id")private Long organizerId;@TableField("qr_code_refresh_interval")private Integer qrCodeRefreshInterval = 60; // 默认60秒@TableField("created_at")private LocalDateTime createdAt;@TableField(exist = false)private String currentQrCode;
}@Data
@TableName("qr_check_ins")
public class QrCheckIn {@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;@TableField("event_id")private Long eventId;@TableField("user_id")private Long userId;@TableField("check_in_time")private LocalDateTime checkInTime;@TableField("qr_code_token")private String qrCodeToken;@TableField("ip_address")private String ipAddress;@TableField("device_info")private String deviceInfo;
}

Mapper层

@Mapper
public interface CheckInEventMapper extends BaseMapper<CheckInEvent> {
}@Mapper
public interface QrCheckInMapper extends BaseMapper<QrCheckIn> {@Select("SELECT * FROM qr_check_ins WHERE event_id = #{eventId} ORDER BY check_in_time DESC")List<QrCheckIn> findByEventIdOrderByCheckInTimeDesc(@Param("eventId") Long eventId);@Select("SELECT * FROM qr_check_ins WHERE user_id = #{userId} ORDER BY check_in_time DESC")List<QrCheckIn> findByUserIdOrderByCheckInTimeDesc(@Param("userId") Long userId);@Select("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM qr_check_ins WHERE event_id = #{eventId}")long countByEventId(@Param("eventId") Long eventId);@Select("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM qr_check_ins WHERE event_id = #{eventId} AND user_id = #{userId}")int existsByEventIdAndUserId(@Param("eventId") Long eventId, @Param("userId") Long userId);
}

QR码服务和校验

@Service
public class QrCodeService {@Value("${qrcode.secret:defaultSecretKey}")private String secretKey;@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;/*** 生成带签名的二维码内容*/public String generateQrCodeContent(Long eventId) {long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();String content = eventId + ":" + timestamp;String signature = generateSignature(content);// 创建完整的二维码内容String qrCodeContent = content + ":" + signature;// 保存到Redis，设置过期时间String redisKey = "qrcode:event:" + eventId + ":" + timestamp;redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, qrCodeContent, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);return qrCodeContent;}/*** 验证二维码内容*/public boolean validateQrCode(String qrCodeContent) {String[] parts = qrCodeContent.split(":");if (parts.length != 3) {return false;}String eventId = parts[0];String timestamp = parts[1];String providedSignature = parts[2];// 验证签名String content = eventId + ":" + timestamp;String expectedSignature = generateSignature(content);if (!expectedSignature.equals(providedSignature)) {return false;}// 验证二维码是否在Redis中存在（防止重复使用）String redisKey = "qrcode:event:" + eventId + ":" + timestamp;Boolean exists = redisTemplate.hasKey(redisKey);return exists != null && exists;}/*** 生成二维码图片*/public byte[] generateQrCodeImage(String content, int width, int height) throws Exception {QRCodeWriter qrCodeWriter = new QRCodeWriter();BitMatrix bitMatrix = qrCodeWriter.encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height);ByteArrayOutputStream pngOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, "PNG", pngOutputStream);return pngOutputStream.toByteArray();}/*** 生成内容签名*/private String generateSignature(String content) {try {Mac sha256_HMAC = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");SecretKeySpec secret_key = new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes(), "HmacSHA256");sha256_HMAC.init(secret_key);byte[] hash = sha256_HMAC.doFinal(content.getBytes());return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hash);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("Failed to generate signature", e);}}
}

服务层实现

@Service
@Transactional
public class QrCheckInService {@Autowiredprivate CheckInEventMapper eventMapper;@Autowiredprivate QrCheckInMapper qrCheckInMapper;@Autowiredprivate UserMapper userMapper;@Autowiredprivate QrCodeService qrCodeService;/*** 创建签到活动*/public CheckInEvent createEvent(CheckInEvent event) {event.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());eventMapper.insert(event);return event;}/*** 获取活动信息，包括当前二维码*/public CheckInEvent getEventWithQrCode(Long eventId) {CheckInEvent event = eventMapper.selectById(eventId);if (event == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Event not found");}// 检查活动是否在有效期内LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();if (now.isBefore(event.getStartTime()) || now.isAfter(event.getEndTime())) {throw new RuntimeException("Event is not active");}// 生成当前二维码String qrCodeContent = qrCodeService.generateQrCodeContent(eventId);event.setCurrentQrCode(qrCodeContent);return event;}/*** 用户通过二维码签到*/public QrCheckIn checkIn(String qrCodeContent, Long userId, String ipAddress, String deviceInfo) {// 验证二维码if (!qrCodeService.validateQrCode(qrCodeContent)) {throw new RuntimeException("Invalid QR code");}// 解析二维码内容String[] parts = qrCodeContent.split(":");Long eventId = Long.parseLong(parts[0]);// 验证活动和用户CheckInEvent event = eventMapper.selectById(eventId);if (event == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Event not found");}User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);if (user == null) {throw new RuntimeException("User not found");}// 检查活动是否在有效期内LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();if (now.isBefore(event.getStartTime()) || now.isAfter(event.getEndTime())) {throw new RuntimeException("Event is not active");}// 检查用户是否已经签到if (qrCheckInMapper.existsByEventIdAndUserId(eventId, userId) > 0) {throw new RuntimeException("User already checked in for this event");}// 创建签到记录QrCheckIn checkIn = new QrCheckIn();checkIn.setEventId(eventId);checkIn.setUserId(userId);checkIn.setCheckInTime(now);checkIn.setQrCodeToken(qrCodeContent);checkIn.setIpAddress(ipAddress);checkIn.setDeviceInfo(deviceInfo);qrCheckInMapper.insert(checkIn);return checkIn;}/*** 获取活动签到列表*/public List<QrCheckIn> getEventCheckIns(Long eventId) {return qrCheckInMapper.findByEventIdOrderByCheckInTimeDesc(eventId);}/*** 获取用户签到历史*/public List<QrCheckIn> getUserCheckIns(Long userId) {return qrCheckInMapper.findByUserIdOrderByCheckInTimeDesc(userId);}/*** 获取活动签到统计*/public Map<String, Object> getEventStatistics(Long eventId) {CheckInEvent event = eventMapper.selectById(eventId);if (event == null) {throw new RuntimeException("Event not found");}long totalCheckIns = qrCheckInMapper.countByEventId(eventId);Map<String, Object> statistics = new HashMap<>();statistics.put("eventId", eventId);statistics.put("title", event.getTitle());statistics.put("startTime", event.getStartTime());statistics.put("endTime", event.getEndTime());statistics.put("totalCheckIns", totalCheckIns);return statistics;}
}

控制器实现

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/qr-check-in")
public class QrCheckInController {@Autowiredprivate QrCheckInService checkInService;@Autowiredprivate QrCodeService qrCodeService;@PostMapping("/events")public ResponseEntity<CheckInEvent> createEvent(@RequestBody CheckInEvent event) {CheckInEvent createdEvent = checkInService.createEvent(event);return ResponseEntity.ok(createdEvent);}@GetMapping("/events/{eventId}")public ResponseEntity<CheckInEvent> getEvent(@PathVariable Long eventId) {CheckInEvent event = checkInService.getEventWithQrCode(eventId);return ResponseEntity.ok(event);}@GetMapping("/events/{eventId}/qrcode")public ResponseEntity<?> getEventQrCode(@PathVariable Long eventId,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "300") int width,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "300") int height) {try {CheckInEvent event = checkInService.getEventWithQrCode(eventId);byte[] qrCodeImage = qrCodeService.generateQrCodeImage(event.getCurrentQrCode(), width, height);return ResponseEntity.ok().contentType(MediaType.IMAGE_PNG).body(qrCodeImage);} catch (Exception e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("message", e.getMessage()));}}@PostMapping("/check-in")public ResponseEntity<?> checkIn(@RequestBody QrCheckInRequest request, HttpServletRequest httpRequest) {try {String ipAddress = httpRequest.getRemoteAddr();QrCheckIn checkIn = checkInService.checkIn(request.getQrCodeContent(),request.getUserId(),ipAddress,request.getDeviceInfo());return ResponseEntity.ok(checkIn);} catch (RuntimeException e) {return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(Map.of("message", e.getMessage()));}}@GetMapping("/events/{eventId}/check-ins")public ResponseEntity<List<QrCheckIn>> getEventCheckIns(@PathVariable Long eventId) {List<QrCheckIn> checkIns = checkInService.getEventCheckIns(eventId);return ResponseEntity.ok(checkIns);}@GetMapping("/users/{userId}/check-ins")public ResponseEntity<List<QrCheckIn>> getUserCheckIns(@PathVariable Long userId) {List<QrCheckIn> checkIns = checkInService.getUserCheckIns(userId);return ResponseEntity.ok(checkIns);}@GetMapping("/events/{eventId}/statistics")public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getEventStatistics(@PathVariable Long eventId) {Map<String, Object> statistics = checkInService.getEventStatistics(eventId);return ResponseEntity.ok(statistics);}
}@Data
public class QrCheckInRequest {private String qrCodeContent;private Long userId;private String deviceInfo;
}

5.4 优缺点分析

优点：

  • 签到过程简单快捷，用户体验好

  • 适合集中式签到场景（会议、课程等）

缺点：

  • 需要组织者提前设置签到活动

  • 需要现场展示二维码（投影、打印等）

  • 可能出现二维码被拍照传播的风险

5.5 适用场景

  • 会议、研讨会签到

  • 课堂点名

  • 活动入场签到

  • 培训签到

  • 需要现场确认的签到场景

六、各方案对比与选择指南

6.1 功能对比

功能特性

关系型数据库

Redis

Bitmap

地理位置

二维码

实现复杂度

低

中

中

高

中

系统性能

中

高

极高

中

高

存储效率

中

高

极高

中

中

用户体验

中

高

高

中

高

开发成本

低

中

中

高

中

维护成本

低

中

低

高

中

6.2 适用场景对比

方案

最佳适用场景

不适合场景

关系型数据库

中小型企业考勤、简单签到系统

高并发、大规模用户场景

Redis

高并发社区签到、连续签到奖励

需要复杂查询和报表统计

Bitmap

大规模用户的每日签到、连续签到统计

需要详细签到信息记录

地理位置

外勤人员打卡、实地活动签到

室内或GPS信号弱的环境

二维码

会议、课程、活动签到

远程办公、分散式签到

七、总结

在实际应用中，可以根据具体需求、用户规模、安全要求和预算等因素选择最合适的方案，也可以将多种方案结合使用，构建更加完善的签到打卡系统。

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