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基于STM32的甲醛检测

news 2025/5/11 6:29:28

一、制作目标

以正点原子的miniSTM32F103RCT6开发板为主控，使用甲醛传感器检测环境空气中的甲醛含量（以mg/m^3为单位）、C02含量（以ppm为单位）和总有机挥发物含量TVOC（以mg/m^3为单位）在OLED显示。

二、实物结果

三、元件清单

1、正点原子miniSTM32F103RCT6开发板

2、OLED屏

3、甲醛传感器（三合一VOC/CO2/甲醛气体传感器空气质量监测模块气敏检测模组）

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四、甲醛传感器技术参数

五、硬件接线

如图，OLED屏的SDA和SCL分别接PB7、PB6，甲醛传感器的+5引脚接开发板的5V、G引脚接GND、A引脚接单片机的PA9、B引脚接单片机的PA10。

六、工程建立过程

1、cubeMX配置

（1）系统和时钟配置

（2）OLED屏的硬件IIC通信配置

（3）串口及DMA配置

2、程序代码片段

（1）main函数中

int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_I2C1_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */OLED_Init();OLED_Clear();
//	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,rec_buf,9);//接收数据__HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1, UART_IT_IDLE);    /* 开启串口空闲中断 */HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t*)Uart1_RxBuff, UART_RX1_BUFFSIZE);   /* 开启DMA传输 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */if (Uart1Flag){Uart1Flag = 0;TVOC=(Uart1_Data[2]*256+Uart1_Data[3])*0.001;CH2O=(Uart1_Data[4]*256+Uart1_Data[5])*0.001;CO2=(Uart1_Data[6]*256+Uart1_Data[7]);		}OLED_ShowCHinese(16, 0, 0);OLED_ShowCHinese(32, 0, 1);OLED_ShowCHinese(48, 0, 2);OLED_ShowCHinese(64, 0, 3);OLED_ShowCHinese(80, 0, 4);OLED_ShowCHinese(96, 0, 5);//甲醛检测系统
//		OLED_ShowString(8, 1, "CH2O Detect", 12);//OLED屏第一行显示烟雾检测字符串OLED_ShowString(0, 3, "CO2:    ppm", 12);//OLED屏第三行显示MQ2的ADC_Value采样值字符串OLED_ShowNum(32, 3, CO2, 4, 12); //OLED屏第三行显示ADC采集值OLED_ShowString(0, 4, "TVOC:", 12);//OLED屏第四行显示MQ2的ADC_Volt采样电压字符串TVOC100=TVOC*100;//将采样电压扩大100倍		sprintf((char*)str_buff, "%d.%d%dmg/m^3",  TVOC100/100, (TVOC100%100/10),  TVOC100%10);//格式化输出扩大100倍的采样电压OLED_ShowString(40, 4,(uint8_t *)str_buff,12);//OLED屏第四行显示采集的电压值CH2O1000=CH2O*1000;  //将烟雾含量值扩大100倍		OLED_ShowString(0, 5, "CH2O:", 12);//OLED屏第五行显示烟雾字符串sprintf((char*)str_buff, "%d.%d%d%dmg/m^3",  (CH2O1000/1000),(CH2O1000%1000/100),(CH2O1000%100/10),(CH2O1000%10));//格式化输出扩大100倍的烟雾浓度OLED_ShowString(40, 5,(uint8_t *)str_buff,12);//OLED屏第五行显示显示烟雾ppm浓度值HAL_Delay(500);//每隔500ms刷新一次数据显示}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

（2）OLED.C（使用单片机的硬件IIC通信）

#include "oled.h"
#include "oledfont.h"//OLED的显存
//存放格式如下.
//[0]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[1]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[2]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[3]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[4]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[5]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[6]0 1 2 3 ... 127	
//[7]0 1 2 3 ... 127 			   /*** @brief	OLED写入命令* @param cmd - 待写入命令* @note	移植时，请使用自己的底层API实现 
*/
static void OLED_Write_Cmd(uint8_t cmd)
{uint8_t buf[2];buf[0] = 0x00;	//control bytebuf[1] = cmd;//使用HAL库的API实现HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, 0x78, buf, 2, 0xFFFF);
}
/*** @brief	OLED写入数据* @param cmd - 待写入数据* @note	移植时，请使用自己的底层API实现 
*/
static void OLED_Write_Dat(uint8_t dat)
{uint8_t buf[2];buf[0] = 0x40; //control bytebuf[1] = dat;//使用HAL库的API实现HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, 0x78, buf, 2, 0xFFFF);
}/*** @brief	OLED设置显示位置* @param x - X方向位置* @param y - Y方向位置
*/
void OLED_Set_Pos(uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{ 	OLED_Write_Cmd(0xb0+y);OLED_Write_Cmd(((x&0xf0)>>4)|0x10);OLED_Write_Cmd((x&0x0f)|0x01);
}   	  
/*** @brief	OLED开启显示
*/ 
void OLED_Display_On(void)
{OLED_Write_Cmd(0X8D);  //SET DCDC命令OLED_Write_Cmd(0X14);  //DCDC ONOLED_Write_Cmd(0XAF);  //DISPLAY ON
}
/*** @brief	OLED关闭显示
*/   
void OLED_Display_Off(void)
{OLED_Write_Cmd(0X8D);  //SET DCDC命令OLED_Write_Cmd(0X10);  //DCDC OFFOLED_Write_Cmd(0XAE);  //DISPLAY OFF
}		   			 
/*** @brief	OLED清屏函数（清屏之后屏幕全为黑色）
*/ 
void OLED_Clear(void)
{  uint8_t i,n;		    for(i=0;i<8;i++)  {  OLED_Write_Cmd(0xb0+i);    //设置页地址（0~7）OLED_Write_Cmd(0x00);      //设置显示位置—列低地址OLED_Write_Cmd(0x10);      //设置显示位置—列高地址   for(n=0;n<128;n++){OLED_Write_Dat(0);}			}
}
/*** @brief	OLED显示全开（所有像素点全亮）
*/
void OLED_On(void)
{  uint8_t i,n;for(i=0;i<8;i++){  OLED_Write_Cmd(0xb0+i);    //设置页地址（0~7）OLED_Write_Cmd(0x00);      //设置显示位置—列低地址OLED_Write_Cmd(0x10);      //设置显示位置—列高地址   for(n=0;n<128;n++){OLED_Write_Dat(1);}			}
}
/*** @brief	在指定位置显示一个ASCII字符* @param x - 0 - 127* @param y - 0 - 7* @param chr  - 待显示的ASCII字符* @param size - ASCII字符大小* 				字符大小有12(6*8)/16(8*16)两种大小
*/
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t x,uint8_t y,uint8_t chr,uint8_t size)
{   uint8_t c=0,i=0;c = chr-' ';	if(x > 128-1){x=0;y++;}if(size ==16){OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);	for(i=0;i<8;i++){OLED_Write_Dat(F8X16[c*16+i]);}OLED_Set_Pos(x,y+1);for(i=0;i<8;i++){OLED_Write_Dat(F8X16[c*16+i+8]);}}else{	OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);for(i=0;i<6;i++){OLED_Write_Dat(F6x8[c][i]);}}
}
/*** @brief	OLED 专用pow函数* @param m - 底数* @param n - 指数
*/
static uint32_t oled_pow(uint8_t m,uint8_t n)
{uint32_t result=1;	 while(n--)result*=m;    return result;
}	
/*** @brief	在指定位置显示一个整数* @param x - 0 - 127* @param y - 0 - 7* @param num - 待显示的整数(0-4294967295)* @param	len - 数字的位数 * @param size - ASCII字符大小* 				字符大小有12(6*8)/16(8*16)两种大小
*/
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t x,uint8_t y,uint32_t num,uint8_t len,uint8_t size)
{         	uint8_t t,temp;uint8_t enshow=0;						   for(t=0;t<len;t++){temp=(num/oled_pow(10,len-t-1))%10;if(enshow==0&&t<(len-1)){if(temp==0){OLED_ShowChar(x+(size/2)*t,y,' ',size);continue;}else enshow=1; }OLED_ShowChar(x+(size/2)*t,y,temp+'0',size); }
} 
/*** @brief	在指定位置显示一个字符串* @param x - 0 - 127* @param y - 0 - 7* @param chr - 待显示的字符串指针* @param size - ASCII字符大小* 				字符大小有12(6*8)/16(8*16)两种大小
*/
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t x,uint8_t y,char *chr,uint8_t size)
{uint8_t j=0;while (chr[j]!='\0'){		OLED_ShowChar(x,y,chr[j],size);x+=8;if(x>120){x=0;y+=2;}j++;}
}
/*** @brief	在指定位置显示一个汉字* @param x  - 0 - 127* @param y  - 0 - 7* @param no - 汉字在中文字库数组中的索引（下标）* @note	中文字库在oledfont.h文件中的Hzk数组中，需要提前使用软件对汉字取模
*/
void OLED_ShowCHinese(uint8_t x,uint8_t y,uint8_t no)
{      			    uint8_t t,adder=0;OLED_Set_Pos(x,y);	for(t=0;t<16;t++){OLED_Write_Dat(Hzk[2*no][t]);adder+=1;}	OLED_Set_Pos(x,y+1);	for(t=0;t<16;t++){	OLED_Write_Dat(Hzk[2*no+1][t]);adder+=1;}					
}
/*** @brief	在指定位置显示一幅图片* @param x1,x2  - 0 - 127* @param y1,y2  - 0 - 7(8表示全屏显示)* @param BMP - 图片数组地址* @note	图像数组BMP存放在bmp.h文件中
*/
void OLED_DrawBMP(uint8_t x0, uint8_t y0,uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1,uint8_t BMP[])
{ 	uint16_t j=0;uint8_t x,y;if(y1%8==0){y=y1/8;}		else{y=y1/8+1;}for(y=y0;y<y1;y++){OLED_Set_Pos(x0,y);for(x=x0;x<x1;x++){      OLED_Write_Dat(BMP[j++]);	    	}}
} /*** @brief	OLED初始化
*/			    
void OLED_Init(void)
{ 	HAL_Delay(500);OLED_Write_Cmd(0xAE);//--display offOLED_Write_Cmd(0x00);//---set low column addressOLED_Write_Cmd(0x10);//---set high column addressOLED_Write_Cmd(0x40);//--set start line address  OLED_Write_Cmd(0x81); // contract controlOLED_Write_Cmd(0xFF);//--128   OLED_Write_Cmd(0xA1);//set segment remap OLED_Write_Cmd(0xC8);//Com scan directionOLED_Write_Cmd(0xA6);//--normal / reverseOLED_Write_Cmd(0xA8);//--set multiplex ratio(1 to 64)OLED_Write_Cmd(0x3F);//--1/32 dutyOLED_Write_Cmd(0xD3);//-set display offsetOLED_Write_Cmd(0x00);//OLED_Write_Cmd(0xD5);//set osc divisionOLED_Write_Cmd(0x80);OLED_Write_Cmd(0xD9);//Set Pre-Charge PeriodOLED_Write_Cmd(0xF1);//OLED_Write_Cmd(0xDA);//set com pin configuartionOLED_Write_Cmd(0x12);//OLED_Write_Cmd(0xDB);//set VcomhOLED_Write_Cmd(0x40);//OLED_Write_Cmd(0x20);OLED_Write_Cmd(0x02);OLED_Write_Cmd(0x8D);//set charge pump enableOLED_Write_Cmd(0x14);//OLED_Write_Cmd(0xA4);OLED_Write_Cmd(0xA6);OLED_Write_Cmd(0xAF);//--turn on oled panelOLED_Clear();OLED_Set_Pos(0,0);
}

（3）串口空闲中断+DMA读取甲醛传感器的数据

void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 */if (RESET != __HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&huart1, UART_FLAG_IDLE)) // 判断是否是空闲中断{__HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1);                                     // 清除空闲中断标志HAL_UART_DMAStop(&huart1);                                              // 停止本次DMA传输uartCnt = UART_RX1_BUFFSIZE - __HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(&hdma_usart1_rx); // 计算接收到的数据长度memcpy(Uart1_Data, Uart1_RxBuff, uartCnt);Uart1Flag = 1;HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, (uint8_t *)Uart1_RxBuff, UART_RX1_BUFFSIZE); // 重启开始DMA传输}/* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */
}

七、程序源码工程下载链接

https://download.csdn.net/download/jacklood/90804813

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