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2048游戏（含Python源码）

news 2025/5/6 7:16:24

前言

相关参考游戏：

像素飞机大战（含Python源码）-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64066303/article/details/147693018?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501使用DeepSeek定制Python小游戏——以“俄罗斯方块”为例-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64066303/article/details/147686449?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501贪吃蛇（含Python源码）-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64066303/article/details/147660127?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501外星人入侵（python）_外星人入侵python源代码-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_64066303/article/details/135963588?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

DeepSeek

使用DeepSeek生成的游戏可以正常的使用，最开始是控制台的形式，还是需要向DeepSeek明确自己的需求。

import pygame
import random
import sys# 颜色配置
COLORS = {0: (205, 193, 180),2: (238, 228, 218),4: (237, 224, 200),8: (242, 177, 121),16: (245, 149, 99),32: (246, 124, 95),64: (246, 94, 59),128: (237, 207, 114),256: (237, 204, 97),512: (237, 200, 80),1024: (237, 197, 63),2048: (237, 194, 46),'bg': (187, 173, 160),'text': (119, 110, 101),'gameover': (255, 255, 255, 128)
}# 游戏参数
WIDTH = 400
HEIGHT = 500
TILE_SIZE = 80
SPACING = 10def initialize_board():board = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]add_new_tile(board)add_new_tile(board)return boarddef add_new_tile(board):empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if board[i][j] == 0]if not empty_cells:return Falsei, j = random.choice(empty_cells)board[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4return Truedef move_row(row):# 合并逻辑（同控制台版本）compressed = [num for num in row if num != 0]merged = []skip = Falsefor i in range(len(compressed)):if skip:skip = Falsecontinueif i + 1 < len(compressed) and compressed[i] == compressed[i + 1]:merged.append(compressed[i] * 2)skip = Trueelse:merged.append(compressed[i])merged += [0] * (len(row) - len(merged))return mergeddef move(board, direction):new_board = [row.copy() for row in board]moved = Falseif direction == 'left':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i])if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'right':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i][::-1])[::-1]if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'up':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)]new_col = move_row(column)if new_col != column:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]elif direction == 'down':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)][::-1]new_col = move_row(column)[::-1]if new_col != column[::-1]:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]return new_board, moveddef draw_board(screen, board, font):screen.fill(COLORS['bg'])# 绘制棋盘for i in range(4):for j in range(4):value = board[i][j]x = SPACING + j * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING)y = SPACING + i * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING) + 100pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS.get(value, COLORS[0]),(x, y, TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE), 0, 3)if value != 0:text = font.render(str(value), True, COLORS['text'])text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + TILE_SIZE // 2))screen.blit(text, text_rect)# 绘制分数score = sum(sum(row) for row in board)score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, COLORS['text'])screen.blit(score_text, (20, 20))def is_game_over(board):# 同控制台版本判断逻辑if any(0 in row for row in board):return Falsefor i in range(4):for j in range(4):if (j < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1]) or \(i < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j]):return Falsereturn Truedef game_over_screen(screen, font):overlay = pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA)overlay.fill(COLORS['gameover'])text = font.render("Game Over!", True, (255, 0, 0))text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2))overlay.blit(text, text_rect)screen.blit(overlay, (0, 0))pygame.display.update()def main():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption("2048")clock = pygame.time.Clock()font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)board = initialize_board()direction_keys = {pygame.K_w: 'up',pygame.K_a: 'left',pygame.K_s: 'down',pygame.K_d: 'right',pygame.K_UP: 'up',pygame.K_LEFT: 'left',pygame.K_DOWN: 'down',pygame.K_RIGHT: 'right'}running = Truewhile running:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:running = Falseelif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key in direction_keys:direction = direction_keys[event.key]new_board, moved = move(board, direction)if moved:board = new_boardadd_new_tile(board)elif event.key == pygame.K_r:  # 按R重新开始board = initialize_board()draw_board(screen, board, font)if is_game_over(board):game_over_screen(screen, font)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(30)pygame.quit()sys.exit()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

 代码详解

这个暂时没有想出可以增加什么特色的功能，目前就是增加保留历史最高分数的功能。

干脆就不进行修改，还是整理一下代码的逻辑，不然感觉弄这个也没学到什么知识，玩这种小游戏也是图一个新鲜感，所以还是理解一下代码。 

有了一门编程语言基础后，学习其他的语言还是比较快的，可以通过注解来理解代码的逻辑。

参数配置 

颜色配置：通过在全局定义图形的颜色，颜色一般都是采用RGB（Red，Green，Blue）的方式来设置。

游戏参数：通过在全局定义窗口的大小、方块大小和间隔大小一般命名还是尽量见名知意，也避免使用拼音的命名方式。

# 颜色配置
COLORS = {0: (205, 193, 180),2: (238, 228, 218),4: (237, 224, 200),8: (242, 177, 121),16: (245, 149, 99),32: (246, 124, 95),64: (246, 94, 59),128: (237, 207, 114),256: (237, 204, 97),512: (237, 200, 80),1024: (237, 197, 63),2048: (237, 194, 46),'bg': (187, 173, 160),'text': (119, 110, 101),'gameover': (255, 255, 255, 128)
}
# 游戏参数
WIDTH = 400
HEIGHT = 500
# 方块大小
TILE_SIZE = 80
# 间隔大小
SPACING = 10

核心逻辑模块

[ [0]*10 for i in range(4)]----Python列表解析-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/wy_______/article/details/88716335在python中for i in range是什么意思-Python for i in range ()用法详解-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37988176/article/details/109371269python中random.choice()函数与random.choices()函数-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/QDU_zty/article/details/138703821python常用random随机函数汇总，用法详解及函数之间的区别--一图了解python随机函数_python random函数-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45914452/article/details/115264053Python---copy()、deepcopy()与赋值的区别_为什么元组不能用copy却可以赋值-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/u011630575/article/details/78604226Python内置函数any()详解 语法 参数 返回值 示例 使用场景 常见场景 检查列表中是否存在非零元素 检查字典中是否存在非空值 结合条件表达式使用 注意事项——《跟老吕学Python编程》_python any-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/molangmolang/article/details/137760053关于python中的[::-1],[:,:,::-1]的反转理解-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/wuxero/article/details/133858521[[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]:创建4行4列的矩阵，用来表示棋盘。

[(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if board[i][j] == 0]:筛选出board中所有值为0的元素，并将这些元素的坐标以元组形式收集到一个新的列表中。

random.choice(seq):从非空序列 seq中选择一个随机元素。 

random.random(): 返回随机生成的一个浮点数，范围在[0,1)之间。

[num for num in row if num != 0]：过滤所有零元素，将有效元素左对齐。

使用 skip 标记避免连续合并（如处理 [2,2,2,2] → [4,4] 而非 [8]）

if i + 1 < len(compressed) and compressed[i] == compressed[i + 1]:检测相邻相同元素。

[0] * (len(row) - len(merged))：在右侧补零，保持列表长度与原行一致。

[::-1])[::-1]：在一维数组中反转。

# 初始化棋盘
def initialize_board():board = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]add_new_tile(board)add_new_tile(board)return board# 方块生成
def add_new_tile(board):# 查找空位并随机生成新方块empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if board[i][j] == 0]if not empty_cells:return Falsei, j = random.choice(empty_cells)board[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4 # 如果小于0.9，则生成数字2；否则生成数字4return True# 单行合并逻辑
def move_row(row):# 实现经典的2048合并算法compressed = [num for num in row if num != 0]merged = []skip = Falsefor i in range(len(compressed)):if skip:skip = Falsecontinueif i + 1 < len(compressed) and compressed[i] == compressed[i + 1]:merged.append(compressed[i] * 2)skip = Trueelse:merged.append(compressed[i])merged += [0] * (len(row) - len(merged))return merged# 全盘移动
def move(board, direction):# 处理四个方向的移动逻辑new_board = [row.copy() for row in board]moved = Falseif direction == 'left':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i])if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'right':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i][::-1])[::-1]if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'up':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)]new_col = move_row(column)if new_col != column:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]elif direction == 'down':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)][::-1]new_col = move_row(column)[::-1]if new_col != column[::-1]:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]return new_board, moved# 游戏结束判断
def is_game_over(board):# 检测是否无有效移动if any(0 in row for row in board):return Falsefor i in range(4):for j in range(4):if (j < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1]) or \(i < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j]):return Falsereturn True

界面渲染模块

pygame之font模块_font.render-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51371629/article/details/125182808Pygame Draw绘图函数——《Python游戏开发库Pygame》_pygame.draw.rect-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/molangmolang/article/details/139034445“screen.blit()函数的special_flags参数”——源自C知道-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/h5a5i5/article/details/135560978pygame库使用简介_pip install pygame-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45369856/article/details/140609065Pygame Surface创建图像——《Python游戏开发库Pygame》-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/molangmolang/article/details/139034359render(text,antialias,color,background=None):文字区域转换为image surface的方法。

pygame.draw.rect(Surface, color, Rect, width=0)：绘制矩形。

screen.blit(text, text_rect)：将一个图像绘制到屏幕上。

pygame.display.update()：更新显示。

pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA):Surface可以视为一个二维的像素数组，每个像素都可以被赋予颜色和其他属性。

# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board(screen, board, font, high_score):# 棋盘网格绘制# 方块数值渲染# 分数/最高分显示screen.fill(COLORS['bg'])# 计算棋盘居中位置grid_size = 4 * TILE_SIZE + 5 * SPACING  # 总网格尺寸 (4方块+5间隔)start_x = (WIDTH - grid_size) // 2  # 水平居中start_y = 100  # 距离顶部固定间距# 绘制棋盘for i in range(4):for j in range(4):value = board[i][j]# 修正坐标计算公式x = start_x + j * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING)y = start_y + i * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING)# 绘制方块（添加阴影效果）pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS.get(value, COLORS[0]),(x, y, TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE), 0, 3)# 添加数值文字if value != 0:text = font.render(str(value), True, COLORS['text'])text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + TILE_SIZE // 2))screen.blit(text, text_rect)# 调整分数显示位置score = sum(sum(row) for row in board)score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, COLORS['text'])high_text = font.render(f"High: {high_score}", True, COLORS['text'])# 将分数信息放在棋盘上方居中header_y = start_y - 40screen.blit(score_text, (start_x, header_y))  # 左上对齐screen.blit(high_text, (start_x + grid_size - high_text.get_width(), header_y))  # 右上对齐# 游戏结束的屏幕
def game_over_screen(screen, font):# 半透明遮罩层# Game Over文字提示overlay = pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA)overlay.fill(COLORS['gameover'])text = font.render("Game Over!", True, (255, 0, 0))text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2))overlay.blit(text, text_rect)screen.blit(overlay, (0, 0))pygame.display.update()

数据管理模块

Python学习16：open内置函数全方面讲解_python open-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/JackMengJin/article/details/106555683【Python】json.dumps()函数详解和示例-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22734027/article/details/134989663深入浅出：Python `with` 语句详解-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/zhaoxilengfeng/article/details/144382104认为保留最高分在一定程度上还是能够吸引玩家继续来玩这个游戏，所以增加了加载和保存最高分的函数。

这里用到了open函数，"r"表示以只读方式打开文件，"w"表示打开一个文件只用于写入，如果该文件已存在则打开文件，并从开头开始编辑，即原有内容会被删除。如果该文件不存在，创建新文件。

通过 with 语句打开文件，可以在文件使用完毕后自动关闭，无需显式调用 close() 方法。

数据保存到文件2048_high_score.json中，文件的命名最好也是见名知意的，命名要求符合操作系统的命名规范。

json.dumps()是Python中处理JSON数据的重要函数，它允许开发者将Python对象转换为JSON格式的字符串。

# 新增函数：加载和保存最高分
def load_high_score():try:with open("2048_high_score.json", "r") as f:data = json.load(f)return data.get("high_score", 0)except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError):return 0def save_high_score(score):with open("2048_high_score.json", "w") as f:json.dump({"high_score": score}, f)

 控制模块

Pygame 官方文档 - pygame.time_pygame.time.clock-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/Enderman_xiaohei/article/details/88167762Pygame详解（四）：event 模块-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41556318/article/details/86303039pygame 键盘事件_pygame键盘事件-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45020839/article/details/117886708第 3 章：事件处理与用户交互-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/sdsdsdd__/article/details/145327602pygame.time.Clock():创建一个对象来帮助跟踪时间。

pygame.event.get(): 从队列中获取事件。

pygame.event.EventType：

  • 事件本质上是一种封装后的数据类型（对象）
  •  EventType是Pygame的一个类，表示事件类型 
  • 事件类型只有属性，没有方法 
  • 用户可自定义新的事件类型
# 主函数
def main():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption("2048")clock = pygame.time.Clock()font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)# 初始化最高分high_score = load_high_score()  # 新增current_high = high_score  # 新增board = initialize_board()direction_keys = {pygame.K_w: 'up',pygame.K_a: 'left',pygame.K_s: 'down',pygame.K_d: 'right',pygame.K_UP: 'up',pygame.K_LEFT: 'left',pygame.K_DOWN: 'down',pygame.K_RIGHT: 'right'}running = Truewhile running:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:running = Falseelif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key in direction_keys:direction = direction_keys[event.key]new_board, moved = move(board, direction)if moved:board = new_boardadd_new_tile(board)# 更新最高分current_score = sum(sum(row) for row in board)if current_score > current_high:current_high = current_scoresave_high_score(current_high)  # 实时保存elif event.key == pygame.K_r:board = initialize_board()# 重置时保留最高分current_high = max(current_high, load_high_score())draw_board(screen, board, font, current_high)  # 修改调用if is_game_over(board):game_over_screen(screen, font)# 游戏结束时确保保存save_high_score(current_high)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(30)# 退出时保存save_high_score(current_high)pygame.quit()sys.exit()

完整代码 

import pygame
import random
import sys
import json  # 新增导入# 颜色配置
COLORS = {0: (205, 193, 180),2: (238, 228, 218),4: (237, 224, 200),8: (242, 177, 121),16: (245, 149, 99),32: (246, 124, 95),64: (246, 94, 59),128: (237, 207, 114),256: (237, 204, 97),512: (237, 200, 80),1024: (237, 197, 63),2048: (237, 194, 46),'bg': (187, 173, 160),'text': (119, 110, 101),'gameover': (255, 255, 255, 128)
}# 游戏参数
WIDTH = 400
HEIGHT = 500
TILE_SIZE = 80
SPACING = 10# 新增函数：加载和保存最高分
def load_high_score():try:with open("2048_high_score.json", "r") as f:data = json.load(f)return data.get("high_score", 0)except (FileNotFoundError, json.JSONDecodeError):return 0def save_high_score(score):with open("2048_high_score.json", "w") as f:json.dump({"high_score": score}, f)def initialize_board():board = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]add_new_tile(board)add_new_tile(board)return boarddef add_new_tile(board):empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(4) for j in range(4) if board[i][j] == 0]if not empty_cells:return Falsei, j = random.choice(empty_cells)board[i][j] = 2 if random.random() < 0.9 else 4return Truedef move_row(row):compressed = [num for num in row if num != 0]merged = []skip = Falsefor i in range(len(compressed)):if skip:skip = Falsecontinueif i + 1 < len(compressed) and compressed[i] == compressed[i + 1]:merged.append(compressed[i] * 2)skip = Trueelse:merged.append(compressed[i])merged += [0] * (len(row) - len(merged))return mergeddef move(board, direction):new_board = [row.copy() for row in board]moved = Falseif direction == 'left':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i])if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'right':for i in range(4):new_row = move_row(board[i][::-1])[::-1]if new_row != board[i]:moved = Truenew_board[i] = new_rowelif direction == 'up':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)]new_col = move_row(column)if new_col != column:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]elif direction == 'down':for j in range(4):column = [board[i][j] for i in range(4)][::-1]new_col = move_row(column)[::-1]if new_col != column[::-1]:moved = Truefor i in range(4):new_board[i][j] = new_col[i]return new_board, moveddef draw_board(screen, board, font, high_score):screen.fill(COLORS['bg'])# 计算棋盘居中位置grid_size = 4 * TILE_SIZE + 5 * SPACING  # 总网格尺寸 (4方块+5间隔)start_x = (WIDTH - grid_size) // 2  # 水平居中start_y = 100  # 距离顶部固定间距# 绘制棋盘for i in range(4):for j in range(4):value = board[i][j]# 修正坐标计算公式x = start_x + j * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING)y = start_y + i * (TILE_SIZE + SPACING)# 绘制方块（添加阴影效果）pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS.get(value, COLORS[0]),(x, y, TILE_SIZE, TILE_SIZE), 0, 3)# 添加数值文字if value != 0:text = font.render(str(value), True, COLORS['text'])text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(x + TILE_SIZE // 2, y + TILE_SIZE // 2))screen.blit(text, text_rect)# 调整分数显示位置score = sum(sum(row) for row in board)score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, COLORS['text'])high_text = font.render(f"High: {high_score}", True, COLORS['text'])# 将分数信息放在棋盘上方居中header_y = start_y - 40screen.blit(score_text, (start_x, header_y))  # 左上对齐screen.blit(high_text, (start_x + grid_size - high_text.get_width(), header_y))  # 右上对齐def is_game_over(board):if any(0 in row for row in board):return Falsefor i in range(4):for j in range(4):if (j < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i][j + 1]) or \(i < 3 and board[i][j] == board[i + 1][j]):return Falsereturn Truedef game_over_screen(screen, font):overlay = pygame.Surface((WIDTH, HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA)overlay.fill(COLORS['gameover'])text = font.render("Game Over!", True, (255, 0, 0))text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2))overlay.blit(text, text_rect)screen.blit(overlay, (0, 0))pygame.display.update()def main():pygame.init()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption("2048")clock = pygame.time.Clock()font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)# 初始化最高分high_score = load_high_score()  # 新增current_high = high_score  # 新增board = initialize_board()direction_keys = {pygame.K_w: 'up',pygame.K_a: 'left',pygame.K_s: 'down',pygame.K_d: 'right',pygame.K_UP: 'up',pygame.K_LEFT: 'left',pygame.K_DOWN: 'down',pygame.K_RIGHT: 'right'}running = Truewhile running:for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:running = Falseelif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:if event.key in direction_keys:direction = direction_keys[event.key]new_board, moved = move(board, direction)if moved:board = new_boardadd_new_tile(board)# 更新最高分current_score = sum(sum(row) for row in board)if current_score > current_high:current_high = current_scoresave_high_score(current_high)  # 实时保存elif event.key == pygame.K_r:board = initialize_board()# 重置时保留最高分current_high = max(current_high, load_high_score())draw_board(screen, board, font, current_high)  # 修改调用if is_game_over(board):game_over_screen(screen, font)# 游戏结束时确保保存save_high_score(current_high)pygame.display.flip()clock.tick(30)# 退出时保存save_high_score(current_high)pygame.quit()sys.exit()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

 

 总结

如果存在什么问题，还希望各位大佬能够指正。

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