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mysql一主多从 k8s部署实际案例

backend 2025/7/23 4:10:04

一、Kubernetes配置（MySQL主从集群）

主库StatefulSet配置（master-mysql.yaml）：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:name: mysql-master
spec:serviceName: "mysql-master"replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: mysql-mastertemplate:metadata:labels:app: mysql-masterspec:containers:- name: mysqlimage: mysql:8.0env:- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDvalue: "root123"- name: MYSQL_DATABASEvalue: "app_db"# 主库配置参数args:- "--server-id=1"- "--log-bin=mysql-bin"- "--binlog_do_db=app_db"- "--gtid-mode=ON"- "--enforce-gtid-consistency=ON"ports:- containerPort: 3306volumeMounts:- name: mysql-datamountPath: /var/lib/mysqlvolumeClaimTemplates:- metadata:name: mysql-dataspec:accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]storageClassName: "standard"resources:requests:storage: 20Gi

从库StatefulSet配置（slave-mysql.yaml）：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:name: mysql-slave
spec:serviceName: "mysql-slave"replicas: 2  # 两个从库实例selector:matchLabels:app: mysql-slavetemplate:metadata:labels:app: mysql-slavespec:containers:- name: mysqlimage: mysql:8.0env:- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORDvalue: "root123"# 从库配置参数args:- "--server-id=$HOSTNAME_SLICE"  # 动态生成唯一server-id- "--relay-log=mysql-relay"- "--read-only=ON"- "--gtid-mode=ON"- "--enforce-gtid-consistency=ON"- "--skip-slave-start"  # 等待手动配置主从复制ports:- containerPort: 3306volumeMounts:- name: mysql-datamountPath: /var/lib/mysqlvolumeClaimTemplates:- metadata:name: mysql-dataspec:accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]storageClassName: "standard"resources:requests:storage: 20Gi

二、Java读写分离实现（Spring Boot示例）

数据源配置（application.yml）：

spring:datasource:master:jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://mysql-master:3306/app_dbusername: rootpassword: root123driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverslaves:- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://mysql-slave-0:3306/app_dbusername: rootpassword: root123- jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://mysql-slave-1:3306/app_dbusername: rootpassword: root123

动态数据源配置类：

/*** 动态数据源配置*/
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@MapperScan("com.example.mapper")
public class DynamicDataSourceConfig {@Bean@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")public DataSource masterDataSource() {return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Beanpublic DataSource slaveDataSource() {// 创建从库数据源列表List<DataSource> slaves = new ArrayList<>();// 这里需要根据实际配置动态加载从库数据源// ...（具体实现根据配置加载多个从库）// 负载均衡策略（轮询）return new LoadBalancedDataSource(slaves);}@Beanpublic DataSource dynamicDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource master,@Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slave) {DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();targetDataSources.put("master", master);targetDataSources.put("slave", slave);dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(master);return dynamicDataSource;}
}

数据源路由实现：

/*** 动态数据源路由器*/
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {private static final ThreadLocal<String> CONTEXT_HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();@Overrideprotected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {return CONTEXT_HOLDER.get();}public static void setDataSource(String dataSource) {CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(dataSource);}public static void clearDataSource() {CONTEXT_HOLDER.remove();}
}

自定义注解实现读写分离：

/*** 数据源选择注解*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface DataSource {DataSourceType value() default DataSourceType.MASTER;
}public enum DataSourceType {MASTER, SLAVE
}

AOP切面实现：

@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAspect {@Before("@annotation(dataSource)")public void beforeSwitchDS(JoinPoint point, DataSource dataSource) {DataSourceType value = dataSource.value();if (value == DataSourceType.MASTER) {DynamicDataSource.setDataSource("master");} else {DynamicDataSource.setDataSource("slave");}}@Before("execution(* com.example.service..*.save*(..)) || " +"execution(* com.example.service..*.update*(..)) || " +"execution(* com.example.service..*.delete*(..))")public void writeOperations() {DynamicDataSource.setDataSource("master");}@AfterReturning("execution(* com.example.service..*.*(..))")public void afterReturning() {DynamicDataSource.clearDataSource();}
}

三、部署说明

集群初始化步骤：

# 部署主库
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/mysql/master-mysql.yaml# 等待主库启动完成后部署从库
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/mysql/slave-mysql.yaml# 验证Pod状态
kubectl get pods -l app=mysql-master
kubectl get pods -l app=mysql-slave

主从复制配置（在从库Pod中执行）：

# 进入从库容器
kubectl exec -it mysql-slave-0 -- bash# 在MySQL中执行
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='mysql-master',
MASTER_USER='root',
MASTER_PASSWORD='root123',
MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;START SLAVE;