一文搞定：whois数据库查询域名信息（WHOIS）

1、Whois前置知识

whois就是一个用来查询域名是否已经被注册，以及注册域名的详细信息的数据库（如域名所有人、域名注册商）。

不同域名后缀的whois信息需要到不同的whois数据库查询

参考：百度百科-whois域名查询协议

实现原理

1. 根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器
2. 再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

domain + rootServer => targetServerdomain + targetServer => domainInfo

当然，如果知道了域名信息所在服务器，可以跳过第一步，直接查询域名信息

2、通过网页查询

2.1、方式一：通过原始网页查询

1. 第一步：根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器

根服务器网站：https://www.iana.org/whois

或者直接根据域名后缀在数据库中查找对应的whois服务器地址

• https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
  

2. 第二步：再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

注意看到返回信息中的refer 行

refer:        whois.cnnic.cn

打开这个网站: https://whois.cnnic.cn，继续查询，
需要注意，这里查询的是一级域名，不能携带www，只能查询xiaomi.cn

2.2、方式二：第三方网站查询

域名信息查询网站

• https://whois.aliyun.com/
• https://whois.cloud.tencent.com/
• https://who.is/
• https://www.whois.com/whois/
• https://whois.chinaz.com/

这些网站可以直接查询域名信息，他们后台做了优化不用再去逐级查询，可以看到，信息返回的并不是很完整

3、命令行whois查询

3.1、Windows环境命令行whois查询

官网：

• https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/whoiscl.html

下载链接： https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/whoiscl.zip

3.2、Linux 环境命令行whois查询

安装

yum install -y whois

查询示例

# 查看使用帮助
$ whois --help# 查询域名信息
$ whois xiaomi.cnDomain Name: xiaomi.cn
ROID: 20070518s10001s40338355-cn
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited
Registrant: 小米科技有限责任公司
Registrant Contact Email: dns-admin@xiaomi.com
Sponsoring Registrar: 厦门易名科技股份有限公司
Name Server: ns3.dnsv5.com
Name Server: ns4.dnsv5.com
Registration Time: 2007-05-18 10:15:59
Expiration Time: 2024-06-18 10:15:59
DNSSEC: unsigned

需要注意，如果是二级域名就查询不到信息

$ whois www.xiaomi.cn
Invalid parameter:www.xiaomi.cn

4、Python代码方式实现

4.1、通过Socket实现whois查询

使用环境

$ python --version
Python 3.7.0

核心代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import socketdef whois_request(domain: str, server: str, port=43, timeout=5) -> str:"""发送http请求，获取信息:param domain::param server::param port::return:"""# 创建连接sock = socket.create_connection((server, port))sock.settimeout(timeout)# 发送请求sock.send(("%s\r\n" % domain).encode("utf-8"))# 接收数据buff = bytes()while True:data = sock.recv(1024)if len(data) == 0:breakbuff += data# 关闭链接sock.close()return buff.decode("utf-8")

1、第一步，根据域名从根服务器获取域名所在whois服务器

# 根服务器地址
root_server = 'whois.iana.org'# 需要查询的域名
domain = 'xiaoxi.cn'# 查询域名信息
res = whois_request(domain, root_server)
print(res)

返回数据

% IANA WHOIS server
% for more information on IANA, visit http://www.iana.org
% This query returned 1 objectrefer:        whois.cnnic.cndomain:       CNorganisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      Chinacontact:      administrative
name:         Yu Zeng
organisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      China
phone:        +8610-58813686
fax-no:       +8610-58813632
e-mail:       ceo@cnnic.cncontact:      technical
name:         Yuedong Zhang
organisation: China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
address:      No. 4, South 4th Street
address:      Zhong Guan Cun
address:      Beijing 100190
address:      China
phone:        +8610-58813202
fax-no:       +8610-58812666
e-mail:       tech@cnnic.cnnserver:      A.DNS.CN 2001:dc7:0:0:0:0:0:1 203.119.25.1
nserver:      B.DNS.CN 203.119.26.1
nserver:      C.DNS.CN 203.119.27.1
nserver:      D.DNS.CN 2001:dc7:1000:0:0:0:0:1 203.119.28.1
nserver:      E.DNS.CN 203.119.29.1
nserver:      F.DNS.CN 195.219.8.90
nserver:      G.DNS.CN 66.198.183.65
nserver:      NS.CERNET.NET 202.112.0.44
ds-rdata:     57724 8 2 5d0423633eb24a499be78aa22d1c0c9ba36218ff49fd95a4cdf1a4ad97c67044whois:        whois.cnnic.cnstatus:       ACTIVE
remarks:      Registration information: http://www.cnnic.cn/created:      1990-11-28
changed:      2018-03-01
source:       IANA

注意到，这就是该域名信息所在服务器

refer:        whois.cnnic.cn

2、第二步：再根据域名从域名所在whois服务器获取域名信息

# whois服务器地址
whois_server = 'whois.cnnic.cn'# 需要查询的域名，注意不能带www
domain = 'xiaoxi.cn'# 查询域名信息
res = whois_request(domain, whois_server)
print(res)

返回的信息

Domain Name: xiaomi.cn
ROID: 20070518s10001s40338355-cn
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited
Registrant: 小米科技有限责任公司
Registrant Contact Email: dns-admin@xiaomi.com
Sponsoring Registrar: 厦门易名科技股份有限公司
Name Server: ns3.dnsv5.com
Name Server: ns4.dnsv5.com
Registration Time: 2007-05-18 10:15:59
Expiration Time: 2024-06-18 10:15:59
DNSSEC: unsigned

可以看到，我们查询到了和网站查询一样的信息

可以直接使用第三方整理的whois数据库对应地址

• https://www.nirsoft.net/whois-servers.txt

4.2、第三方库：whois

操作系统命令行工具 whois的Python封装，依赖操作系统，不推荐

• https://github.com/DannyCork/python-whois/
• https://pypi.org/project/whois/

安装

$ pip install whois

示例

import whoisdomain = whois.query('www.baidu.com')
print(domain.__dict__)

输出

{'name': 'baidu.com','tld': 'com','registrar': 'MarkMonitor Inc.','registrant_country': 'CN','creation_date': datetime.datetime(1999, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17),'expiration_date': datetime.datetime(2026, 10, 11, 11, 5, 17),'last_updated': datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 1, 3, 54, 43),'status': 'clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited','statuses': ['clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)', 'clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited', 'clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)', 'clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited', 'clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)', 'clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited', 'serverDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited)', 'serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited', 'serverTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited)', 'serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited', 'serverUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited)', 'serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited'],'dnssec': False,'name_servers': ['ns1.baidu.com', 'ns2.baidu.com', 'ns3.baidu.com', 'ns4.baidu.com', 'ns7.baidu.com'],'registrant': 'Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd.','emails': ['abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com']
}

json序列化之后得到域名信息

{"name":"baidu.com","tld":"com","registrar":"MarkMonitor Inc.","registrant_country":"CN","creation_date":"1999-10-11 11:05:17","expiration_date":"2026-10-11 11:05:17","last_updated":"2022-09-01 03:54:43","status":"clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited","statuses":["clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)","clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited","clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)","clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited","clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)","clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited","serverDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited)","serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited","serverTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited)","serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited","serverUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited)","serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited"],"dnssec":false,"name_servers":["ns1.baidu.com","ns2.baidu.com","ns3.baidu.com","ns4.baidu.com","ns7.baidu.com"],"registrant":"Beijing Baidu Netcom Science Technology Co., Ltd.","emails":["abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com"]
}

4.3、第三方库：python-whois

经测试，不可用

• https://github.com/richardpenman/whois
• https://pypi.org/project/python-whois/

$ pip install python-whois

示例

import whoisw = whois.whois('example.com')w.expiration_date
# datetime.datetime(2022, 8, 13, 4, 0)

4.4、第三方库：whois21

经测试，可用

• https://github.com/MPCodeWriter21/whois21
• https://pypi.org/project/whois21/

pip install whois21

示例

import whois21query = 'github.com'whois = whois21.WHOIS(query)print(f'Creation date   : {whois.creation_date}')
print(f'Expiration date : {whois.expires_date}')
print(f'Updated date    : {whois.updated_date}')

5、使用Domain Admin

基于Python + Vue3.js 技术栈实现的域名和SSL证书监测平台

文档

• https://gitee.com/mouday/domain-admin
• https://github.com/mouday/domain-admin
• https://pypi.org/project/domain-admin
• https://hub.docker.com/r/mouday/domain-admin

安装

pip install domain-admin

启动运行

$ gunicorn 'domain_admin.main:app'

访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000

默认的管理员账号

• 账号：admin
• 密码：123456

6、中文域名

通过接口直接查询中文域名，会提示没有查询结果。这时候需要将中文域名进行编码

比如：小米.中国 会解析为 xn–yets76e.xn–fiqs8s/

在线编码：http://tools.jb51.net/punycode/index.php

其实，中文后缀的域名可以不编码，主要是中英结合的域名, 比如 http://中万.cn/

从浏览器直接复制过来是http://xn–chq7c.cn/

这是一种叫做：Punycode的编码方式

print("中万".encode('punycode').decode())
# chq7c

然后加上前缀xn--，就和上面的结果一致了

xn--chq7c

参考

• Windows和Linux下Whois命令的安装和使用