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STM32 ADC+DMA+TIM触发采样实战：避坑指南与源码解析

news 2025/5/17 5:28:04

知识点1【TRGO的介绍】

1、TRGO的概述

TRGO：Trigger Output（触发输出），是定时器的一种功能。

它可以作为外设的启动信号，比如ADC转换，DAC输出，DMA请求等。

对于ADC来说，可以通过TRGO信号来触发ADC开始转换

2、定时器TRGO的生成过程

以通用定时器为例，TRGO信号的来源可以是：更新事件，比较事件，其他事件。如下图

通过TIM_SelectOutputTrigger()进行配置

3、补充

（1）ADC持续转换的两种方式

1、ContinuousConvMode = ENABLE + ExternalTrig = None

启动连续采集，适合实时采样

2、ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE + ExternalTrig = TIMx_TRGO

每次触发采样一次，适合周期性定点采样

每次定时器触发都会扫描一次所有通道

（2）DMA—TC中断的触发时机

当ADC完成一次完整的通道扫描，并且DMA将所有通道的结果都搬运到内存后，才会触发DMA传输完成中断（TC）

知识点2【代码练习】

本代码是一个将ADC（多通道），DMA（中断），TIM（TRGO）相结合的案例

实现的功能是ADC每秒转换一次，但这里我只有一个光敏元件，因此只有一个通道有数据。

main.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "stm32f10x_conf.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "tim.h"
u16 ADC3_Recv_Data;
int flag;#define ADC_NUM 3//ADC + DAM（中断） + TRGO
//多通道接收数据 用数组保存
u16 data_adc_mult[ADC_NUM] = {0};//需要配置的有
//ADC3 IN6 IN5 IN4：PF8 PF7 PF6  ok
//USART1 TX：PA9，RX：PA10 ok
//DMA2 CH5 
//TIM3 TRGO okint main(void)
{//中断向量组配置Systick_Init(72000);NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);Usart1_Init(9600);ADC3_Interrupt_DMA_TIM_GPIO_Init();ADC3_Interrupt_DMA_TIM_Init();DMA2_IN5_ADC3_Init();TIM3_TRGO_Init();while(1){	}
}

adc.c

#include "adc.h"
#define ADC_NUM 3void ADC3_Interrupt_DMA_TIM_Init(void)
{ADC_InitTypeDef ADC3_InitStruct;//时钟 分频RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_ADC3,ENABLE);RCC_ADCCLKConfig(RCC_PCLK2_Div6);//ADC3初始化 配置为外部触发ADC_StructInit(&ADC3_InitStruct); ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_DataAlign = ADC_DataAlign_Right;ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_ExternalTrigConv = ADC_ExternalTrigConv_T3_TRGO;ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_Mode = ADC_Mode_Independent;ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_NbrOfChannel = ADC_NUM;ADC3_InitStruct.ADC_ScanConvMode = ENABLE;ADC_Init(ADC3,&ADC3_InitStruct);//通道配置ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC3,ADC_Channel_6,1,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC3,ADC_Channel_5,2,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC3,ADC_Channel_4,3,ADC_SampleTime_55Cycles5);//使能ADC3 + DAMADC_Cmd(ADC3,ENABLE);ADC_DMACmd(ADC3,ENABLE);ADC_ExternalTrigConvCmd(ADC3, ENABLE);//外部触发//校验ADC_ResetCalibration(ADC3);while(ADC_GetResetCalibrationStatus(ADC3) == SET);ADC_StartCalibration(ADC3);while(ADC_GetCalibrationStatus(ADC3) == SET);//开始转换//ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd(ADC3,ENABLE);//由于是外部触发 因此这句话不需要写
}void ADC3_Interrupt_DMA_TIM_GPIO_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIOF_InitStruct;//时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOF,ENABLE);//配置PF8 PF7 PF6为模拟输入GPIO_StructInit(&GPIOF_InitStruct);GPIOF_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AIN;GPIOF_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7 | GPIO_Pin_8;GPIOF_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOF,&GPIOF_InitStruct);
}

dma.c

#include "dma.h"
extern u16 data_adc_mult[ADC_NUM];void DMA2_IN5_ADC3_Init(void)
{DMA_InitTypeDef DMA2_InitStruct;NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStruct;//时钟配置RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA2,ENABLE);//初始化DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_BufferSize = ADC_NUM;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (u32)data_adc_mult;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord; //ADC数据12位DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;//这里需要设置循环模式的原因：//每次触发都需要 重新将DMA的计数器复位DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (u32)&ADC3->DR;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralDataSize  = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;DMA2_InitStruct.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;DMA_Init(DMA2_Channel5,&DMA2_InitStruct);//中断使能DMA_ITConfig(DMA2_Channel5,DMA_IT_TC,ENABLE);NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel = DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn;NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStruct);//使能DMADMA_Cmd(DMA2_Channel5,ENABLE);
}//中断处理函数
void DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler(void)
{if(DMA_GetITStatus(DMA2_IT_TC5) == SET){int i = 0;DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA2_IT_TC5);for(i = 0;i < ADC_NUM ;i++){printf("%f ",DataProcess_light(data_adc_mult[i]));}printf("\\n");}
}

tim.c

**#include "tim.h"
void TIM3_TRGO_Init(void)
{TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM3_InitStrct;//时钟RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3,ENABLE);//定时器初始化TIM_TimeBaseStructInit(&TIM3_InitStrct);TIM3_InitStrct.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;TIM3_InitStrct.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;TIM3_InitStrct.TIM_Period = 10000 - 1;TIM3_InitStrct.TIM_Prescaler = 7200 - 1;TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3,&TIM3_InitStrct);//开启外部触发TIM_SelectOutputTrigger(TIM3,TIM_TRGOSource_Update);//使能定时器TIM_Cmd(TIM3,ENABLE);
}**

usart.c

#include "usart.h"
#include "led.h"//串口2初始化
void Usart2_Init(u32 Baud)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct;GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct;USART_InitTypeDef USART2_InitStruct;//时钟配置  USART，收(PA3)发(PA2)端口 RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART2,ENABLE);RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);GPIO_StructInit(&GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct);GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//收PA3端口配置GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIOA_Pin3_InitStruct);GPIO_StructInit(&GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct);GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_2;GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//发PA2端口配置GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIOA_Pin2_InitStruct);//串口初始化USART2_InitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;USART2_InitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;USART2_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = Baud;USART2_InitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;USART2_InitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;USART2_InitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;USART_Init(USART2,&USART2_InitStruct);//使能串口USART_Cmd(USART2,ENABLE);
}//串口1初始化
void Usart1_Init(u32 Baud)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIOB_InitStruct;USART_InitTypeDef USART1_InitStruct;//时钟配置 USART1,TX:PA9,RX:PA10RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1,ENABLE);RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);//端口配置GPIOB_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;GPIOB_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;GPIOB_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIOB_InitStruct);GPIOB_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;GPIOB_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIOB_InitStruct);//串口初始化USART1_InitStruct.USART_BaudRate = Baud;USART1_InitStruct.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;USART1_InitStruct.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;USART1_InitStruct.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;USART1_InitStruct.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;USART1_InitStruct.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;USART_Init(USART1,&USART1_InitStruct);//使能串口USART_Cmd(USART1,ENABLE);
}//串口1发送数据函数发送数据
void USART1_Trans(u8 c)
{while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);USART_SendData(USART1,c);while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET);
}int fputc(int c,FILE *stream)
{USART1_Trans((u8)c);return c;
}

delay.c

#include "delay.h"u32 delay_ms = 0;//系统定时器初始化函数
void Systick_Init(u32 ticks)
{SysTick_Config(ticks);
}//延时函数
void Delay_ms(u32 ms)
{u32 ticks = delay_ms + ms;while(ticks > delay_ms);
}//系统定时器中断服务函数
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{delay_ms++;
}