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【2.4 漫画SpringBoot实战】

news 2025/7/4 20:22:39

🚀 漫画SpringBoot实战

🎯 学习目标：掌握SpringBoot企业级开发，从零到一构建现代化Java应用

📋 目录

SpringBoot核心特性
自动配置原理
Web开发实战
数据访问与事务
监控与部署

🎭 漫画引言

小明: “为什么SpringBoot这么受欢迎？”

架构师老王: “SpringBoot就像全自动洗衣机，你只需要放入衣服，它自动配置一切！”

⚡ SpringBoot核心特性

🎨 漫画场景：SpringBoot魔法师

   传统Spring配置 😫          SpringBoot魔法 🎩┌─────────────────┐       ┌─────────────────┐│  web.xml        │       │  @SpringBootApp ││  applicationContext │ →  │  main方法启动   ││  大量XML配置     │       │  零配置文件     ││  服务器部署     │       │  内嵌服务器     │└─────────────────┘       └─────────────────┘繁琐配置                   开箱即用

🏗️ SpringBoot项目脚手架

/*** SpringBoot主启动类*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
@EnableAsync
public class SpringBootDemoApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {// SpringBoot应用启动SpringApplication app = new SpringApplication(SpringBootDemoApplication.class);// 自定义启动配置app.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.CONSOLE);app.setAdditionalProfiles("dev");ConfigurableApplicationContext context = app.run(args);// 打印应用信息Environment env = context.getEnvironment();String port = env.getProperty("server.port", "8080");String contextPath = env.getProperty("server.servlet.context-path", "");System.out.println("\n🚀 SpringBoot应用启动成功！");System.out.println("📱 访问地址: http://localhost:" + port + contextPath);System.out.println("📖 接口文档: http://localhost:" + port + contextPath + "/swagger-ui.html");System.out.println("❤️  SpringBoot让开发如此简单！\n");}// 自定义Banner@Beanpublic Banner customBanner() {return (environment, sourceClass, out) -> {out.println(" ____             _             ____              _   ");out.println("/ ___| _ __  _ __(_)_ __   __ _ | __ )  ___   ___ | |_ ");out.println("\\___ \\| '_ \\| '__| | '_ \\ / _` ||  _ \\ / _ \\ / _ \\| __|");out.println(" ___) | |_) | |  | | | | | (_| || |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ ");out.println("|____/| .__/|_|  |_|_| |_|\\__, ||____/ \\___/ \\___/ \\__|");out.println("      |_|                 |___/                        ");};}
}

📦 Starter依赖管理

<!-- pom.xml SpringBoot父工程 -->
<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.7.0</version><relativePath/>
</parent><dependencies><!-- Web开发 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- 数据访问 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><!-- Redis缓存 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency><!-- 安全框架 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><!-- 监控端点 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><!-- 测试框架 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>
</dependencies>

🔧 自动配置原理

🎯 自动配置机制深度解析

/*** 自动配置原理示例*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(DataSourceProperties.class)
public class CustomDataSourceAutoConfiguration {@Bean@Primarypublic DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {System.out.println("🔧 自动配置数据源...");HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();dataSource.setJdbcUrl(properties.getUrl());dataSource.setUsername(properties.getUsername());dataSource.setPassword(properties.getPassword());dataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getDriverClassName());// HikariCP连接池优化配置dataSource.setMaximumPoolSize(20);dataSource.setMinimumIdle(5);dataSource.setConnectionTimeout(30000);dataSource.setIdleTimeout(600000);dataSource.setMaxLifetime(1800000);System.out.println("✅ 数据源配置完成: " + properties.getUrl());return dataSource;}
}/*** 条件装配示例*/
@Component
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "app.feature.enabled", havingValue = "true")
public class FeatureService {@PostConstructpublic void init() {System.out.println("🎉 特性服务已启用！");}public void doSomething() {System.out.println("执行特殊功能...");}
}/*** 自定义Starter*/
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MyStarterProperties.class)
public class MyStarterAutoConfiguration {private final MyStarterProperties properties;public MyStarterAutoConfiguration(MyStarterProperties properties) {this.properties = properties;}@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic MyService myService() {return new MyService(properties.getName(), properties.getTimeout());}@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mystarter")@Datapublic static class MyStarterProperties {private String name = "default";private int timeout = 5000;}public static class MyService {private String name;private int timeout;public MyService(String name, int timeout) {this.name = name;this.timeout = timeout;System.out.println("🚀 MyService初始化: " + name + ", timeout=" + timeout);}}
}

🌐 Web开发实战

🎯 RESTful API开发

/*** 用户管理Controller*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
@Validated
@Slf4j
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;/*** 获取用户列表*/@GetMappingpublic ResponseEntity<PageResult<UserVO>> getUsers(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") int page,@RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size,@RequestParam(required = false) String keyword) {log.info("获取用户列表: page={}, size={}, keyword={}", page, size, keyword);PageResult<UserVO> result = userService.getUsers(page, size, keyword);return ResponseEntity.ok(result);}/*** 获取用户详情*/@GetMapping("/{userId}")public ResponseEntity<