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Ubuntu系统镜像源配置

web 2025/9/3 16:49:21

一、Ubuntu系统镜像源配置

1. 首先备份原有源配置

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 编辑源配置文件

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 替换为国内镜像源

下面提供几个常用的国内镜像源配置，选择其中一个即可：

中科大源（推荐）

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华大学源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

网易源

deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4. 更新软件包列表

配置完成后，执行以下命令更新：

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

5. 一键配置脚本（可选）

如果你想要更快速地配置，可以使用以下一键脚本（以中科大源为例）：

# 备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak# 使用中科大源
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null <<EOF
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF# 更新
sudo apt update

注意事项

选择镜像源建议：根据你的网络环境选择速度最快的源，通常教育网用户选择教育网镜像（如中科大、清华），其他用户可以选择阿里云或网易。

恢复默认源：如果需要恢复原来的配置，可以执行：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

测试连接速度：可以通过实际下载一个软件包来测试速度：
```
sudo apt install curl -y
```

方案一：配置所有镜像源（不太推荐）

虽然可以把所有镜像源都加入配置，但这样会让apt update变慢，因为需要检查所有源。如果你确实想这样做：

# 备份原文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak# 配置所有镜像源
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null <<EOF
# 默认官方源（注释掉，需要时可启用）
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse# 阿里云源
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 清华大学源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse# 网易源
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 华为云源
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 腾讯云源
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF# 更新
sudo apt update

方案二：智能镜像源切换脚本（推荐）

创建一个脚本，可以方便地在不同镜像源之间切换：

# 创建脚本文件
sudo tee /usr/local/bin/change-mirror > /dev/null <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash# 镜像源列表
declare -A mirrors
mirrors["ustc"]="中科大"
mirrors["aliyun"]="阿里云"
mirrors["tuna"]="清华大学"
mirrors["163"]="网易"
mirrors["huawei"]="华为云"
mirrors["tencent"]="腾讯云"# 显示菜单
echo "========================================="
echo "Ubuntu 22.04 镜像源切换工具"
echo "========================================="
echo "1) 中科大源"
echo "2) 阿里云源"
echo "3) 清华大学源"
echo "4) 网易源"
echo "5) 华为云源"
echo "6) 腾讯云源"
echo "7) 测试所有源并选择最快的"
echo "8) 恢复默认源"
echo "========================================="
read -p "请选择 (1-8): " choice# 备份当前配置
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)case $choice in1)mirror_url="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"mirror_name="中科大";;2)mirror_url="https://mirrors.aliyun.com"mirror_name="阿里云";;3)mirror_url="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn"mirror_name="清华大学";;4)mirror_url="https://mirrors.163.com"mirror_name="网易";;5)mirror_url="https://repo.huaweicloud.com"mirror_name="华为云";;6)mirror_url="https://mirrors.tencent.com"mirror_name="腾讯云";;7)echo "正在测试所有镜像源速度..."fastest_mirror=""fastest_time=999999for mirror in "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" "https://mirrors.aliyun.com" "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn" "https://mirrors.163.com" "https://repo.huaweicloud.com" "https://mirrors.tencent.com"; doecho -n "测试 $mirror ... "time=$(curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 10 $mirror/ubuntu/ls-lR.gz 2>/dev/null)if [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "响应时间: ${time}s"if (( $(echo "$time < $fastest_time" | bc -l) )); thenfastest_time=$timefastest_mirror=$mirrorfielseecho "连接失败"fidoneif [ -n "$fastest_mirror" ]; thenecho "最快的镜像源是: $fastest_mirror (${fastest_time}s)"mirror_url=$fastest_mirrormirror_name="自动选择"elseecho "所有镜像源测试失败"exit 1fi;;8)echo "恢复默认源..."sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null <<'DEFAULT'
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
DEFAULTecho "已恢复默认源"sudo apt updateexit 0;;*)echo "无效的选择"exit 1;;
esac# 写入新的源配置
if [ -n "$mirror_url" ]; thenecho "正在配置 $mirror_name 源..."sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list > /dev/null <<MIRROR
deb $mirror_url/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb $mirror_url/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb $mirror_url/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb $mirror_url/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
MIRRORecho "配置完成，正在更新软件包列表..."sudo apt updateif [ $? -eq 0 ]; thenecho "========================================="echo "✓ $mirror_name 源配置成功！"echo "========================================="elseecho "更新失败，可能需要检查网络连接"fi
fi
EOF# 赋予执行权限
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/change-mirror# 运行脚本
change-mirror

方案三：使用 apt-fast 加速（配合多源）

安装 apt-fast，它可以同时从多个镜像源下载，提高下载速度：

# 安装 apt-fast
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:apt-fast/stable -y
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-fast -y# 配置 apt-fast 使用多个镜像
sudo tee /etc/apt-fast.conf > /dev/null <<'EOF'
# apt-fast 配置
_APTMGR=apt
DOWNLOADBEFORE=true
_MAXNUM=5
_MAXCONPERSRV=10
_SPLITCON=8
_MINSPLITSZ=1M
_PIECEALGO=default# 多个镜像源
MIRRORS=( 'https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/,https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/,https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/,https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/' )
EOF# 使用 apt-fast 代替 apt
sudo apt-fast update
sudo apt-fast upgrade

使用建议

方案二最推荐：创建切换脚本，可以根据需要切换不同的源，或自动选择最快的源。
如果你确实想要使用所有源：方案一可以配置所有源，但会降低 apt update 的速度。
如果经常下载大量软件包：方案三的 apt-fast 可以显著提高下载速度。

测试当前网络环境下最快的源：

# 快速测试各个源的连接速度
for mirror in mirrors.ustc.edu.cn mirrors.aliyun.com mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn mirrors.163.com repo.huaweicloud.com mirrors.tencent.com; doecho -n "$mirror: "curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}s\n' --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 10 https://$mirror/ubuntu/ls-lR.gz
done