基于 Rust 和土木工程、设备故障诊断、混凝土养护、GPS追踪、供应链物流跟踪系统、地下水监测等领域的实例
基于 Rust 和 RabbitMQ 在土木工程领域的实例
以下是基于 Rust 和 RabbitMQ 在土木工程领域的实用案例,涵盖数据采集、监控、任务调度等场景。案例结合 lapin
(Rust 的 RabbitMQ 客户端库)和实际工程需求设计。
传感器数据实时采集
使用 RabbitMQ 传输施工现场的传感器数据(如温度、湿度、振动)。Rust 消费者将数据写入时序数据库。
use lapin::{Connection, ConnectionProperties, options::*, types::FieldTable};async fn consume_sensor_data() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {let conn = Connection::connect("amqp://localhost:5672", ConnectionProperties::default()).await?;let channel = conn.create_channel().await?;let _queue = channel.queue_declare("sensor_data", QueueDeclareOptions::default(), FieldTable::default()).await?;let consumer = channel.basic_consume("sensor_data", "rust_consumer", BasicConsumeOptions::default(), FieldTable::default()).await?;for delivery in consumer {if let Ok(delivery) = delivery {println!("Received: {:?}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&delivery.data));channel.basic_ack(delivery.delivery_tag, BasicAckOptions::default()).await?;}}Ok(())
}
结构健康监测告警
通过 RabbitMQ 发布桥梁或建筑物的异常振动数据,Rust 服务分析后触发告警。
// 发布告警消息示例
async fn publish_alert(message: &str) -> Result<(), lapin::Error> {let conn = Connection::connect("amqp://localhost:5672", ConnectionProperties::default()).await?;let channel = conn.create_channel().await?;channel.basic_publish("", "alerts", BasicPublishOptions::default(), message.as_bytes(), BasicProperties::default()).await?;Ok(())
}
分布式任务调度
协调多个施工机器人协同作业,RabbitMQ 分配任务(如混凝土浇筑区域),Rust 实现任务分配逻辑。
// 任务分配生产者
async fn assign_task(robot_id: &str, task: &str) -> Result<(), lapin::Error> {let queue_name = format!("robot_{}_tasks", robot_id);let conn = Connection::connect("amqp://localhost:5672", ConnectionProperties::default()).await?;let channel = conn.create_channel().await?;channel.queue_declare(queue_name.as_str(), QueueDeclareOptions::default(), FieldTable::default()).await?;channel.basic_publish("", queue_name.as_str(), BasicPublishOptions::default(), task.as_bytes(), BasicProperties::default()).await?;Ok(())
}
基于Rust Web 多个仓库通过 RabbitMQ 同步钢筋、水泥库存实例
实例 1:基础库存同步架构
仓库系统A发布库存变更消息到RabbitMQ的inventory_updates
队列,消息格式为JSON:
// 发布端代码示例(使用lapin库)
let payload = json!({"material_type": "steel","warehouse_id": "A","quantity": -50,"timestamp": Utc::now().to_rfc3339()
}).to_string();
channel.basic_publish("","inventory_updates",BasicPublishOptions::default(),payload.as_bytes(),BasicProperties::default()
).await?;
仓库系统B通过消费者处理消息:
// 消费端代码示例
consumer.set_delegate(move |delivery| async move {if let Ok(delivery) = delivery {let data: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&delivery.data)?;update_local_inventory(data["material_type"].as_str(),data["quantity"].as_i64());delivery.ack(BasicAckOptions::default()).await?;}
});
实例 2:多仓库分布式事务
使用RabbitMQ的事务机制确保跨仓库操作原子性:
// 事务处理示例
channel.tx_select().await?;
match (warehouse_A.lock_stock(), warehouse_B.reserve_stock()) {(Ok(_), Ok(_)) => {channel.tx_commit().await?;publish_inventory_sync();}_ => {channel.tx_rollback().await?;publish_compensation_message();}
}
消息头包含事务ID实现最终一致性:
BasicProperties::default().with_headers(FieldTable::from([("x-transaction-id".into(), AMQPValue::LongString(tx_id.into()))]))
实例 3:物料分类路由
通过RabbitMQ的Direct Exchange实现分类同步:
// 钢筋和水泥使用不同路由键
channel.basic_publish("inventory_exchange",match material_type {"steel" => "steel.update","cement" => "cement.update",_ => "other.update"},BasicPublishOptions::default(),payload,BasicProperties::default()
).await?;
消费者按需绑定队列:
channel.queue_bind("warehouse_B_queue","inventory_exchange","steel.update",FieldTable::default()
).await?;
实例 4:批量处理优化
使用消息批处理减少网络开销:
// 每10秒或累积100条消息时批量发送
let mut batch = Vec::new();
batch.push(InventoryUpdate { /* ... */ });if batch.len() >= 100 || last_flush.elapsed() > Duration::from_secs(10) {channel.basic_publish("","batch_updates",BasicPublishOptions::default(),serde_json::to_vec(&batch)?,BasicProperties::default()).await?;batch.clear();
}
消费者侧使用预取限制控制处理速度:
channel.basic_qos(100, BasicQosOptions::default()).await?;
实例 5:跨数据中心同步
通过Federation插件实现跨地域同步:
// 本地数据中心发布到联邦交换器
channel.basic_publish("fed.inventory","",BasicPublishOptions::default(),payload,BasicProperties::default().with_headers(FieldTable::from([("x-datacenter".into(), AMQPValue::LongString("east-1".into()))]))
).await?;
消息包含位置标记避免循环同步:
if !delivery.properties.headers()?.contains_key("x-datacenter") {process_message();forward_to_other_datacenters();
}
每个实例都需配合错误处理、重试机制和监控系统实现生产级可靠性。建议使用Serde进行消息序列化,通过Prometheus监控队列积压情况,并在消费者实现幂等处理逻辑。
基于Rust实现的设备故障诊断与维修调度系统
以下是基于Rust实现的设备故障诊断与维修调度系统的实例代码片段,涵盖故障码解析、网络通信、数据库交互等关键环节。所有示例均遵循Rust生态的现代实践(如tokio
异步、actix-web
框架等),可直接用于工程机械领域的Web系统开发。
故障码解析与结构定义
// 示例1:定义故障码枚举
#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub enum FaultCode {EngineOverheat(u32),HydraulicPressureLow(f32),SensorFailure { id: String, threshold: f64 },
}// 示例2:带时间戳的故障数据结构
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct FaultReport {machine_id: String,code: FaultCode,timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,gps_coords: Option<(f64, f64)>
}
HTTP接口实现(Actix-Web)
// 示例3:接收故障码的POST接口
#[post("/api/faults")]
async fn report_fault(report: web::Json<FaultReport>,db: web::Data<DbPool>
) -> impl Responder {let _ = sqlx::query!("INSERT INTO faults...").execute(&db).await;HttpResponse::Ok().json(json!({"status": "received"}))
}// 示例4:实时故障码SSE推送
#[get("/api/faults/stream")]
async fn fault_stream(broadcaster: web::Data<Broadcaster>
) -> impl Responder {broadcaster.new_client().await
}
数据库交互(SQLx)
// 示例5:故障记录存储
pub async fn log_fault(pool: &PgPool,report: &FaultReport
) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {sqlx::query!(r#"INSERT INTO faults (machine_id, code, location) VALUES ($1, $2::jsonb, $3)"#,report.machine_id,serde_json::to_value(&report.code)?,report.gps_coords).execute(pool).await?;Ok(())
}// 示例6:按设备ID查询历史故障
pub async fn get_machine_history(pool: &PgPool,machine_id: &str
) -> Vec<FaultReport> {sqlx::query_as!(FaultReport,"SELECT * FROM faults WHERE machine_id = $1 ORDER BY timestamp DESC",machine_id).fetch_all(pool).await.unwrap_or_default()
}
WebSocket实时通信
// 示例7:维修工单状态更新通道
#[derive(Message)]
#[rtype(result = "()")]
pub struct RepairUpdate {pub ticket_id: Uuid,pub status: RepairStatus,
}// 示例8:WebSocket消息处理
async fn ws_repair_feed(ws: Websocket,addr: Addr<RepairBroadcaster>
) {let mut rx = addr.subscribe().unwrap();while let Ok(msg) = rx.recv().await {ws.send(Text(serde_json::to_string(&msg).unwrap())).await?;}
}
后台任务处理
// 示例9:故障优先级计算
pub fn calculate_priority(fault: &FaultCode,machine_type: MachineType
) -> u8 {match (fault, machine_type) {(FaultCode::EngineOverheat(_), _) => 10,(FaultCode::HydraulicPressureLow(p), MachineType::Crane) if *p < 50.0 => 8,_ => 3}
}// 示例10:自动分配维修工单
pub async fn dispatch_repair(pool: &PgPool,report: FaultReport
) -> Result<Uuid, DispatchError> {let tech_id = find_available_technician(pool, report.gps_coords).await?;let ticket_id = Uuid