网络配置实验报告：主机间通信配置
网络配置实验报告：主机间通信配置
一、实验目的
- 掌握通过命令行配置主机 IP 地址的方法
- 理解静态路由的作用及配置方式
- 实现不同网段主机之间的通信
二、实验环境
| 主机名称 | 网络模式 | IP 地址 | 子网掩码 | 网关 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| syf | 仅主机模式 | 172.16.30.10 | 255.255.255.0 | 172.16.30.254 |
| syf2 | 仅主机模式 | 172.16.40.10 | 255.255.255.0 | 172.16.40.254 |
三、实验步骤
（一）配置两台主机的 IP 信息
分别在两台主机上执行以下命令配置网络信息：
主机 syf 配置
[root@syf ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 1b997c48-8eff-4fa9-be0d-5e2acd617368 ethernet ens33
virbr0 3fc958f6-0702-469f-a280-d57466f2eb0f bridge virbr0
[root@syf ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.30.10/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.30.254 ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
[root@syf ~]# nmcli connection up ens33
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)
[root@syf ~]#
主机 syf2 配置
[root@syf2 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens33 c96bc909-188e-ec64-3a96-6a90982b08ad ethernet ens33
virbr0 7bdb251b-80c6-4873-b822-c7e22dc43fc8 bridge virbr0
[root@syf2 ~]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.40.10/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.40.254 ipv4.method manual connection.autoconnect yes
[root@syf2 ~]# nmcli connection up ens33
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[root@syf2 ~]#
验证 IP 配置
在两台主机上分别执行以下命令，确认 IP 配置正确：
[root@syf ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:e4:65:1e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.16.30.10/24 brd 172.16.30.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::cfb5:ab2f:e08d:cbd2/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:e4:65:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:f1:60:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:f1:60:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@syf ~]#
[root@syf2 ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:86:4f:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.16.40.10/24 brd 172.16.40.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::ba2e:aa59:b30d:be33/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:f1:60:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000link/ether 52:54:00:f1:60:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@syf2 ~]#
（二）添加路由实现主机通信
由于两台主机处于不同网段（172.16.30.0/24 和 172.16.40.0/24），需添加静态路由实现通信。
- 在主机 syf 和syf2上添加路由
[root@syf ~]# route add -net 172.16.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.30.254 dev ens33
[root@syf ~]# route add -net 172.16.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ens33
[root@syf2 ~]# route add -net 172.16.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.40.254 dev ens33
[root@syf2 ~]# route add -net 172.16.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev ens33
验证路由配置
在两台主机上分别执行以下命令，确认路由添加成功：
[root@syf ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.30.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
172.16.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
172.16.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
172.16.40.0 172.16.30.254 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0[root@syf2 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.40.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
172.16.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 ens33
172.16.30.0 172.16.40.254 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
172.16.40.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
（三）测试主机间通信
- 从 syf ping syf2
[root@syf ~]# ping 172.16.40.10
PING 172.16.40.10 (172.16.40.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.653 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.816 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.817 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.284 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.754 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.40.10: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.890 ms
^C
--- 172.16.40.10 ping statistics ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 6002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.284/0.656/0.890/0.218 ms
从 syf2 ping syf
[root@syf2 ~]# ping 172.16.30.10
PING 172.16.30.10 (172.16.30.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.30.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.394 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.30.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.404 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.30.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.623 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.30.10: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.22 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.30.10: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.617 ms
^C
--- 172.16.30.10 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.394/0.652/1.225/0.304 ms
四、实验结论
- 通过
nmcli命令成功配置了两台主机的 IP 地址、子网掩码和网关信息 - 通过
route命令添加静态路由后，不同网段的主机实现了互联互通 - 验证结果表明，两台主机能够正常通信，实验目标达成
五、备注
- 若需删除已添加的路由，可使用以下命令（以 syf 为例）：
[root@syf ~]# route del -net 172.16.40.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.30.254 dev ens33