CURL命令 : GET、POST请求、文件下载等常用命令

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1. curl介绍

curl 是常用的命令行工具，用来请求 Web 服务器。它的名字就是客户端（client）的 URL 工具的意思。

2. 直接发送请求 (Get)

默认是Get请求

curl URL 

相当于发送一个GET请求，curl默认就是发送GET请求

测试:

curl https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1{"userId": 1,"id": 1,"title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit","body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto"
}

3. 发送Post请求

curl -X -POST URL 
或者 
curl -XPOST URL

测试

curl -XPOST  https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts{"id": 101
}

3.1 Post请求带参数

curl -XPOST URL -d '{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"}'

测试

curl -XPOST https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts -d '{"name":"张三", "age":"20"}'{"{\"name\":\"张三\", \"age\":\"20\"}": "","id": 101
}

4. Put请求和Delete请求

curl -XPUT URL 和 curl -XDELETE URL
带参数的
curl -XPUT URL -d '{}' 和 curl -XDELETE URL -d '{}'

测试put

curl -XPUT https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1 -d '{"name":"李四", "age":"10"}'输出
{"{\"name\":\"李四\", \"age\":\"10\"}": "","id": 1
}

5. 携带首部信息

curl -XPOST URL -H '' -H '' //可以携带多个首部信息

测试

curl -XPOST  https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts -H 'Content-type:application/json' -H 'A-cc-dept:ap-aption/json' -d '{"title":"张三"}'{"title": "张三","id": 101
}

6. 获取响应的所有的首部信息

curl -I URL  // 使用大写I获取

测试

curl -I https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/postsHTTP/2 200
date: Sun, 14 Aug 2022 10:02:42 GMT
content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8
x-powered-by: Express
x-ratelimit-limit: 1000
x-ratelimit-remaining: 999
x-ratelimit-reset: 1652476599
vary: Origin, Accept-Encoding
access-control-allow-credentials: true
cache-control: max-age=43200
pragma: no-cache
expires: -1
x-content-type-options: nosniff
etag: W/"6b80-Ybsq/K6GwwqrYkAsFxqDXGC7DoM"
via: 1.1 vegur
cf-cache-status: HIT
age: 12762
expect-ct: max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct"
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=t%2BwhJvMXQq7z8IdGOyEt7%2FgeW%2BRZy4MnLJ32vPvCHZA916xs20rYcy9zfbaAI9tGQ6372ztL5%2F1lXkg1bObDaorK9Zh7DoArRzxNfx%2FkJky3APOvo7Y1ryTscGC6dicHh2UO3JVdtbimr5Hyw8U%2F"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
cf-ray: 73a8db3e5b0d7b59-LAX
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400

7. 文件下载

curl -O URL 直接下载到当前文件夹里面 下载之前记得cd切换文件夹

curl -o https://profile.csdnimg.cn/F/0/6/1_m0_37989980输出:
% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  CurrentDload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   107  100   107    0     0    512      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   532

8. 显示底层连接信息

curl -v URL //会显示握手信息等

9. 通过代理访问

curl --proxy 协议://用户名:密码@代理地址:端口 URL
curl --proxy "http://egg:123@127.0.0.1:1234" URL

10. 通过不同协议访问

curl -u 用户名：密码 -O ftp://server/aaa.avi 下载
curl -u 用户名：密码 -T 文件 ftp://server