Unity 服务器交互开发指南

在 Unity 中实现客户端与服务器的交互是网络游戏和应用开发的核心部分。以下是全面的 Unity 服务器交互解决方案。

1. 常见通信协议

1.1 HTTP/HTTPS 协议

• 适用场景：账号系统、商城、排行榜等非实时交互

• 实现方式：

using UnityEngine.Networking;IEnumerator GetRequest(string uri) {using (UnityWebRequest webRequest = UnityWebRequest.Get(uri)) {yield return webRequest.SendWebRequest();if (webRequest.result == UnityWebRequest.Result.Success) {Debug.Log("Received: " + webRequest.downloadHandler.text);} else {Debug.LogError("Error: " + webRequest.error);}}
}

1.2 WebSocket 协议

• 适用场景：实时聊天、多人游戏同步

• 实现方式：

using WebSocketSharp;WebSocket ws = new WebSocket("ws://yourserver:port");ws.OnMessage += (sender, e) => {Debug.Log("Message received: " + e.Data);
};ws.Connect();
ws.Send("Hello Server");

1.3 TCP/UDP 自定义协议

• 适用场景：MMORPG、FPS等需要高性能实时交互的游戏

• 推荐库：LiteNetLib, ENET

2. 数据格式处理

2.1 JSON

// 序列化
string json = JsonUtility.ToJson(playerData);// 反序列化
PlayerData data = JsonUtility.FromJson<PlayerData>(json);

2.2 Protocol Buffers

// 定义 .proto 文件
message Player {required string name = 1;optional int32 level = 2;
}// C# 中使用
Player player = new Player { Name = "John", Level = 10 };
using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) {Serializer.Serialize(stream, player);byte[] data = stream.ToArray();// 发送数据...
}

3. 通信架构设计

3.1 请求-响应模式

public class NetworkManager : MonoBehaviour {private static NetworkManager _instance;public static NetworkManager Instance { get { return _instance; } }void Awake() {if (_instance != null && _instance != this) {Destroy(this.gameObject);} else {_instance = this;DontDestroyOnLoad(gameObject);}}public void SendRequest(RequestType type, Action<Response> callback) {// 实现请求发送和回调处理}
}

3.2 消息推送模式

public class MessageDispatcher : MonoBehaviour {private Queue<NetworkMessage> _messageQueue = new Queue<NetworkMessage>();void Update() {lock (_messageQueue) {while (_messageQueue.Count > 0) {ProcessMessage(_messageQueue.Dequeue());}}}public void EnqueueMessage(NetworkMessage msg) {lock (_messageQueue) {_messageQueue.Enqueue(msg);}}
}

4. 安全考虑

4.1 数据加密

// AES加密示例
public static string Encrypt(string plainText, string key) {byte[] iv = new byte[16];byte[] array;using (Aes aes = Aes.Create()) {aes.Key = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key);aes.IV = iv;ICryptoTransform encryptor = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream()) {using (CryptoStream cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)) {using (StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(cryptoStream)) {streamWriter.Write(plainText);}array = memoryStream.ToArray();}}}return Convert.ToBase64String(array);
}

4.2 防作弊措施

• 服务器端数据验证

• 关键逻辑放在服务器端

• 使用时间戳和随机数防止重放攻击

5. 断线重连处理

public class ReconnectManager : MonoBehaviour {private int _retryCount = 0;private const int MAX_RETRY = 3;public void HandleDisconnect() {if (_retryCount < MAX_RETRY) {_retryCount++;StartCoroutine(ReconnectAfterDelay(5f));} else {ShowReconnectFailed();}}IEnumerator ReconnectAfterDelay(float delay) {yield return new WaitForSeconds(delay);ConnectToServer();}
}

6. 性能优化

6.1 数据压缩

using Ionic.Zlib;// 压缩
byte[] compressed = ZlibStream.CompressBuffer(data);// 解压
byte[] decompressed = ZlibStream.UncompressBuffer(compressed);

6.2 带宽优化

• 使用Delta压缩(只发送变化的数据)

• 优化协议字段(使用更小的数据类型)

• 合并小数据包

7. 测试与调试

7.1 本地测试服务器

# 简单Python HTTP测试服务器
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServerclass Handler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):def do_GET(self):self.send_response(200)self.send_header('Content-type', 'application/json')self.end_headers()self.wfile.write(b'{"status": "ok"}')HTTPServer(('localhost', 8000), Handler).serve_forever()

8. 实际应用示例：玩家登录系统

public class LoginSystem : MonoBehaviour {private const string LOGIN_URL = "https://yourserver.com/api/login";public void Login(string username, string password) {StartCoroutine(LoginCoroutine(username, password));}private IEnumerator LoginCoroutine(string username, string password) {WWWForm form = new WWWForm();form.AddField("username", username);form.AddField("password", password);using (UnityWebRequest www = UnityWebRequest.Post(LOGIN_URL, form)) {yield return www.SendWebRequest();if (www.result != UnityWebRequest.Result.Success) {Debug.LogError("Login failed: " + www.error);yield break;}LoginResponse response = JsonUtility.FromJson<LoginResponse>(www.downloadHandler.text);if (response.success) {// 登录成功处理} else {// 登录失败处理}}}
}[System.Serializable]
public class LoginResponse {public bool success;public string token;public PlayerData player;
}