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在鸿蒙HarmonyOS 5中实现抖音风格的草稿箱功能

news 2025/6/12 21:54:54

下面我将详细介绍如何使用HarmonyOS SDK在HarmonyOS 5中实现类似抖音的草稿箱功能，包括草稿保存、编辑、删除和恢复等核心功能。

1. 数据模型设计

1.1 草稿数据模型

// DraftModel.ets
export class DraftModel {id: string = ""; // 草稿唯一标识title: string = ""; // 草稿标题coverPath: string = ""; // 封面图本地路径videoPath: string = ""; // 视频文件本地路径createTime: number = 0; // 创建时间戳duration: number = 0; // 视频时长(毫秒)progress: number = 0; // 编辑进度(0-100)description: string = ""; // 视频描述tags: string[] = []; // 标签settings: DraftSettings = new DraftSettings(); // 编辑设置
}export class DraftSettings {music: string = ""; // 背景音乐路径filter: string = "original"; // 滤镜speed: number = 1.0; // 播放速度privacy: string = "public"; // 隐私设置
}

2. 草稿存储服务

2.1 使用关系型数据库存储草稿

// DraftService.ets
import relationalStore from '@ohos.data.relationalStore';
import fileio from '@ohos.fileio';
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';export class DraftService {private static instance: DraftService;private rdbStore: relationalStore.RdbStore | null = null;private dbName: string = "drafts.db";// 数据库表结构private readonly CREATE_TABLE_SQL = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS drafts (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,title TEXT,coverPath TEXT,videoPath TEXT,createTime INTEGER,duration INTEGER,progress INTEGER,description TEXT,tags TEXT,music TEXT,filter TEXT,speed REAL,privacy TEXT)`;private constructor() {}public static getInstance(): DraftService {if (!DraftService.instance) {DraftService.instance = new DraftService();}return DraftService.instance;}// 初始化数据库async init() {const context = featureAbility.getContext();const dbPath = await context.getDatabaseDir() + '/' + this.dbName;const config: relationalStore.StoreConfig = {name: dbPath,securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1};this.rdbStore = await relationalStore.getRdbStore(context, config);await this.rdbStore.executeSql(this.CREATE_TABLE_SQL);}// 保存草稿async saveDraft(draft: DraftModel): Promise<boolean> {if (!this.rdbStore) await this.init();const valueBucket: relationalStore.ValuesBucket = {"id": draft.id,"title": draft.title,"coverPath": draft.coverPath,"videoPath": draft.videoPath,"createTime": draft.createTime,"duration": draft.duration,"progress": draft.progress,"description": draft.description,"tags": JSON.stringify(draft.tags),"music": draft.settings.music,"filter": draft.settings.filter,"speed": draft.settings.speed,"privacy": draft.settings.privacy};try {await this.rdbStore.insert("drafts", valueBucket);return true;} catch (error) {console.error("保存草稿失败:", JSON.stringify(error));return false;}}// 获取所有草稿async getAllDrafts(): Promise<DraftModel[]> {if (!this.rdbStore) await this.init();const predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("drafts");predicates.orderByDesc("createTime");try {const resultSet = await this.rdbStore.query(predicates, ["id", "title", "coverPath", "videoPath", "createTime", "duration", "progress", "description", "tags", "music", "filter", "speed", "privacy"]);const drafts: DraftModel[] = [];while (resultSet.goToNextRow()) {const draft = new DraftModel();draft.id = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("id"));draft.title = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("title"));draft.coverPath = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("coverPath"));draft.videoPath = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("videoPath"));draft.createTime = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("createTime"));draft.duration = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("duration"));draft.progress = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("progress"));draft.description = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("description"));draft.tags = JSON.parse(resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("tags")));draft.settings.music = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("music"));draft.settings.filter = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("filter"));draft.settings.speed = resultSet.getDouble(resultSet.getColumnIndex("speed"));draft.settings.privacy = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("privacy"));drafts.push(draft);}return drafts;} catch (error) {console.error("查询草稿失败:", JSON.stringify(error));return [];}}// 删除草稿async deleteDraft(draftId: string): Promise<boolean> {if (!this.rdbStore) await this.init();const predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("drafts");predicates.equalTo("id", draftId);try {// 先获取草稿信息以删除相关文件const draft = await this.getDraftById(draftId);if (draft) {await this.deleteDraftFiles(draft);}// 从数据库删除记录const affectedRows = await this.rdbStore.delete(predicates);return affectedRows > 0;} catch (error) {console.error("删除草稿失败:", JSON.stringify(error));return false;}}// 根据ID获取草稿async getDraftById(draftId: string): Promise<DraftModel | null> {if (!this.rdbStore) await this.init();const predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("drafts");predicates.equalTo("id", draftId);try {const resultSet = await this.rdbStore.query(predicates, ["id", "title", "coverPath", "videoPath", "createTime", "duration", "progress", "description", "tags", "music", "filter", "speed", "privacy"]);if (resultSet.goToFirstRow()) {const draft = new DraftModel();draft.id = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("id"));draft.title = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("title"));draft.coverPath = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("coverPath"));draft.videoPath = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("videoPath"));draft.createTime = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("createTime"));draft.duration = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("duration"));draft.progress = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("progress"));draft.description = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("description"));draft.tags = JSON.parse(resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("tags")));draft.settings.music = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("music"));draft.settings.filter = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("filter"));draft.settings.speed = resultSet.getDouble(resultSet.getColumnIndex("speed"));draft.settings.privacy = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("privacy"));return draft;}return null;} catch (error) {console.error("查询草稿失败:", JSON.stringify(error));return null;}}// 删除草稿相关文件private async deleteDraftFiles(draft: DraftModel): Promise<void> {try {if (draft.coverPath) {await fileio.unlink(draft.coverPath);}if (draft.videoPath) {await fileio.unlink(draft.videoPath);}if (draft.settings.music) {await fileio.unlink(draft.settings.music);}} catch (error) {console.error("删除草稿文件失败:", JSON.stringify(error));}}// 更新草稿async updateDraft(draft: DraftModel): Promise<boolean> {if (!this.rdbStore) await this.init();const predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("drafts");predicates.equalTo("id", draft.id);const valueBucket: relationalStore.ValuesBucket = {"title": draft.title,"progress": draft.progress,"description": draft.description,"tags": JSON.stringify(draft.tags),"filter": draft.settings.filter,"speed": draft.settings.speed,"privacy": draft.settings.privacy};try {const affectedRows = await this.rdbStore.update(valueBucket, predicates);return affectedRows > 0;} catch (error) {console.error("更新草稿失败:", JSON.stringify(error));return false;}}
}

3. 草稿箱UI实现

3.1 草稿列表项组件

// DraftItem.ets
@Component
export struct DraftItem {@Prop draft: DraftModel;@State private isPressed: boolean = false;build() {Row() {// 封面图Image(this.draft.coverPath || $r('app.media.default_cover')).width(80).height(100).objectFit(ImageFit.Cover).borderRadius(4)// 草稿信息Column() {Text(this.draft.title || "未命名草稿").fontSize(16).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).margin({ bottom: 6 })Text(this.formatDuration(this.draft.duration)).fontSize(12).fontColor('#999999').margin({ bottom: 6 })Text(`进度: ${this.draft.progress}%`).fontSize(12).fontColor('#999999')}.layoutWeight(1).margin({ left: 12 })// 更多操作按钮Image($r('app.media.ic_more')).width(24).height(24)}.width('100%').padding(12).backgroundColor(this.isPressed ? '#F5F5F5' : '#FFFFFF').borderRadius(8).onTouch((event: TouchEvent) => {if (event.type === TouchType.Down) {this.isPressed = true;} else if (event.type === TouchType.Up || event.type === TouchType.Cancel) {this.isPressed = false;}})}private formatDuration(ms: number): string {const totalSeconds = Math.floor(ms / 1000);const minutes = Math.floor(totalSeconds / 60);const seconds = totalSeconds % 60;return `${minutes}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;}
}

3.2 草稿箱主页面

// DraftBoxPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct DraftBoxPage {@State drafts: DraftModel[] = [];@State isLoading: boolean = true;@State showDeleteDialog: boolean = false;@State selectedDraftId: string = "";private draftService: DraftService = DraftService.getInstance();onPageShow() {this.loadDrafts();}async loadDrafts() {this.isLoading = true;this.drafts = await this.draftService.getAllDrafts();this.isLoading = false;}build() {Column() {// 标题栏Row() {Text('草稿箱').fontSize(20).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).layoutWeight(1)Text(`${this.drafts.length}个草稿`).fontSize(14).fontColor('#999999')}.padding(16).width('100%')// 草稿列表if (this.isLoading) {LoadingProgress().width(50).height(50).margin({ top: 100 })} else if (this.drafts.length === 0) {Column() {Image($r('app.media.ic_empty_draft')).width(120).height(120).margin({ bottom: 20 })Text('暂无草稿').fontSize(16).fontColor('#999999')}.width('100%').margin({ top: 100 }).alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)} else {List({ space: 8 }) {ForEach(this.drafts, (draft: DraftModel) => {ListItem() {DraftItem({ draft: draft }).onClick(() => {this.editDraft(draft.id);}).onLongPress(() => {this.selectedDraftId = draft.id;this.showDeleteDialog = true;})}}, (draft: DraftModel) => draft.id)}.width('100%').layoutWeight(1)}}.width('100%').height('100%').backgroundColor('#F5F5F5')// 删除确认对话框if (this.showDeleteDialog) {AlertDialog({title: '删除草稿',message: '确定要删除这个草稿吗？删除后无法恢复',primaryButton: {value: '取消',action: () => {this.showDeleteDialog = false;}},secondaryButton: {value: '删除',action: async () => {const success = await this.draftService.deleteDraft(this.selectedDraftId);if (success) {promptAction.showToast({ message: '删除成功' });this.loadDrafts();} else {promptAction.showToast({ message: '删除失败' });}this.showDeleteDialog = false;}}})}}private editDraft(draftId: string) {// 跳转到编辑页面router.push({url: 'pages/EditPage',params: { draftId: draftId }});}
}

4. 草稿编辑与保存

4.1 视频录制与保存为草稿

// RecordPage.ets
import camera from '@ohos.multimedia.camera';@Entry
@Component
struct RecordPage {@State isRecording: boolean = false;@State recordingTime: number = 0;private timer: number = 0;private cameraManager: camera.CameraManager | null = null;build() {Stack() {// 相机预览CameraPreview({ cameraManager: this.cameraManager })// 录制控制按钮Column() {Row() {// 取消按钮Image($r('app.media.ic_close')).width(32).height(32).onClick(() => {router.back();})// 录制时间Text(this.formatTime(this.recordingTime)).fontSize(16).fontColor(Color.White).layoutWeight(1).textAlign(TextAlign.Center)// 翻转相机按钮Image($r('app.media.ic_flip_camera')).width(32).height(32)}.width('100%').padding(16)// 底部控制栏Row() {// 录制按钮Image(this.isRecording ? $r('app.media.ic_stop_record') : $r('app.media.ic_start_record')).width(64).height(64).onClick(() => {this.toggleRecording();})}.width('100%').height(100).justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)}.position({ x: 0, y: 0 }).width('100%').height('100%')}}private toggleRecording() {if (this.isRecording) {this.stopRecording();} else {this.startRecording();}}private startRecording() {this.isRecording = true;this.recordingTime = 0;this.timer = setInterval(() => {this.recordingTime += 1000;}, 1000);// 实际项目中这里应该调用相机API开始录制console.log("开始录制视频...");}private stopRecording() {this.isRecording = false;clearInterval(this.timer);// 实际项目中这里应该调用相机API停止录制console.log("停止录制视频...");// 保存为草稿this.saveAsDraft();}private async saveAsDraft() {const draftService = DraftService.getInstance();const context = featureAbility.getContext();// 模拟保存视频文件const videoDir = await context.getFilesDir() + '/videos';await fileio.mkdir(videoDir);const videoPath = `${videoDir}/video_${new Date().getTime()}.mp4`;// 模拟生成封面图const coverDir = await context.getFilesDir() + '/covers';await fileio.mkdir(coverDir);const coverPath = `${coverDir}/cover_${new Date().getTime()}.jpg`;const draft = new DraftModel();draft.id = generateUUID();draft.title = `视频草稿 ${new Date().toLocaleDateString()}`;draft.coverPath = coverPath;draft.videoPath = videoPath;draft.createTime = new Date().getTime();draft.duration = this.recordingTime;draft.progress = 0;const success = await draftService.saveDraft(draft);if (success) {promptAction.showToast({ message: '已保存到草稿箱' });router.back();} else {promptAction.showToast({ message: '保存草稿失败' });}}private formatTime(ms: number): string {const totalSeconds = Math.floor(ms / 1000);const minutes = Math.floor(totalSeconds / 60);const seconds = totalSeconds % 60;return `${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;}
}function generateUUID(): string {return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c) {const r = Math.random() * 16 | 0;const v = c === 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);return v.toString(16);});
}

4.2 草稿编辑页面

// EditPage.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct EditPage {@State draft: DraftModel | null = null;@State currentTab: string = 'edit';@State videoPlaying: boolean = false;private draftService: DraftService = DraftService.getInstance();async onPageShow() {const params = router.getParams();if (params && params['draftId']) {this.draft = await this.draftService.getDraftById(params['draftId']);}}build() {Column() {if (!this.draft) {LoadingProgress().width(50).height(50).margin({ top: 100 })} else {// 视频预览区Stack() {Video({src: this.draft.videoPath,controller: new VideoController()}).width('100%').height(400).autoPlay(false).controls(false)// 播放控制按钮if (!this.videoPlaying) {Image($r('app.media.ic_play')).width(64).height(64).position({ x: '50%', y: '50%' }).onClick(() => {this.videoPlaying = true;})}}.width('100%').height(400)// 编辑选项卡Tabs({ barPosition: BarPosition.Start }) {TabContent() {// 编辑选项卡内容Column() {TextInput({ placeholder: '输入标题', text: this.draft.title }).onChange((value: string) => {if (this.draft) this.draft.title = value;})TextInput({ placeholder: '添加描述...', text: this.draft.description }).height(100).onChange((value: string) => {if (this.draft) this.draft.description = value;})// 更多编辑选项...}.padding(16)}.tabBar('编辑')TabContent() {// 音乐选项卡内容Text('选择背景音乐')// 音乐列表...}.tabBar('音乐')TabContent() {// 特效选项卡内容Text('添加特效')// 特效列表...}.tabBar('特效')}.width('100%').layoutWeight(1)// 底部操作栏Row() {Button('保存草稿').onClick(() => {this.saveDraft();})Button('发布').type(ButtonType.Capsule).backgroundColor('#FF2442').margin({ left: 20 }).onClick(() => {this.publishVideo();})}.width('100%').padding(16).justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)}}.width('100%').height('100%')}private async saveDraft() {if (!this.draft) return;this.draft.progress = 50; // 模拟编辑进度const success = await this.draftService.updateDraft(this.draft);if (success) {promptAction.showToast({ message: '草稿已保存' });} else {promptAction.showToast({ message: '保存失败' });}}private publishVideo() {// 实际项目中这里应该实现视频发布逻辑promptAction.showToast({ message: '视频已发布' });router.back();}
}

5. 实际项目注意事项

  1. ​​文件管理​​：

    • 实现草稿文件的定期清理机制
    • 处理存储空间不足的情况
    • 实现文件分片存储大视频文件

  2. ​​性能优化​​：

    • 使用缩略图代替原图显示
    • 实现列表分页加载
    • 优化视频预览性能

  3. ​​用户体验​​：

    • 添加草稿编辑进度提示
    • 实现草稿自动保存功能
    • 添加草稿恢复功能

  4. ​​安全考虑​​：

    • 敏感数据加密存储
    • 实现草稿访问权限控制
    • 防止草稿数据泄露

  5. ​​测试要点​​：

    • 大量草稿的性能测试
    • 存储空间不足的异常测试
    • 多设备同步测试

  6. ​​扩展功能​​：

    • 草稿分类管理
    • 草稿搜索功能
    • 草稿分享功能

通过以上实现，你可以在HarmonyOS 5应用中创建类似抖音的草稿箱功能，包括草稿的创建、保存、编辑、删除和发布等完整流程。

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