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【文件上传】阿里云对象存储服务实现文件上传

news 2025/6/8 9:27:12

一、基础

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上传到本地：

package org.example.controller;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.example.pojo.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.UUID;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/upload")
@Slf4j
public class FileUploadController {@PostMappingpublic Result<String> upload(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {//把文件的内容存储到本地磁盘String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();//保证文件名字唯一，防止覆盖UUIDString fileName =  UUID.randomUUID().toString() + originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));file.transferTo(new File("C:\\Users\\Arata\\Desktop\\file\\" + fileName));return Result.success("url访问地址...");}
}

上传图片大小超过最大限制，修改yml文件：

spring：servlet:multipart:max-file-size: 50MBmax-request-size: 50MBserver:tomcat:max-swallow-size: 10MB

阿里云对象存储OSS (Object Storage Service)，是一款海量、安全、低成本、高可靠的云存储服务。使用OSS，您可以通过网络随时存储和调用包括文本、图片、音频和视频等在内的各种文件。
第三方服务的通用思路：
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二、创建bucket

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此时需要开启允许读权限，所以需要关闭阻止公共访问，无法修改！那么先完成创建，后进入bucket去进行修改：

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修改完成后如下：

此时再修改读写权限（点击设置，并将权限修改为公共读）：

三、获取AccessKey

点击头像，找到AccessKey管理
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点击创建AccessKey之后，验证身份，后生成AccessKeyId和AccessKeySecret（只生成一次，注意保存好）

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四、参考官方SDK编写入门程序

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https://help.aliyun.com/zh/oss/developer-reference/getting-started?spm=a2c4g.11186623.help-menu-31815.d_5_2_1_0.1d8d64femaflJE#0cf90ff8b28eg
由文档可以获得：
①导入阿里云坐标：

<dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.17.4</version>
</dependency>

②上传文件：对象/文件——>上传文件——>简单上传

import com.aliyun.oss.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.comm.SignVersion;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.File;public class Demo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1（杭州）为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前，请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称，例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket";// 填写Object完整路径，完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称，例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";// 填写本地文件的完整路径，例如D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt。// 如果未指定本地路径，则默认从示例程序所属项目对应本地路径中上传文件。String filePath= "D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt";// 填写Bucket所在地域。以华东1（杭州）为例，Region填写为cn-hangzhou。String region = "cn-hangzhou";// 创建OSSClient实例。ClientBuilderConfiguration clientBuilderConfiguration = new ClientBuilderConfiguration();clientBuilderConfiguration.setSignatureVersion(SignVersion.V4);        OSS ossClient = OSSClientBuilder.create().endpoint(endpoint).credentialsProvider(credentialsProvider).clientConfiguration(clientBuilderConfiguration).region(region)               .build();try {// 创建PutObjectRequest对象。PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, new File(filePath));// 如果需要上传时设置存储类型和访问权限，请参考以下示例代码。// ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();// metadata.setHeader(OSSHeaders.OSS_STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());// metadata.setObjectAcl(CannedAccessControlList.Private);// putObjectRequest.setMetadata(metadata);// 上传文件。PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);           } catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}

五、集成改造

改造成工具类 AliOssUtil.class

package com.itheima.bigeventadmin.utils;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;import java.io.InputStream;public class AliOssUtil {private static final String ENDPOINT = "https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com";private static final String ACCESS_KEY_ID = "LTAI5tQ8e13igWZUMTjMEEQV";private static final String SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = "MffMJoM24sc59SEBEJQDb0cfBVOAC9";private static final String BUCKET_NAME = "big-event-gwd";//上传文件,返回文件的公网访问地址public static String uploadFile(String objectName, InputStream inputStream){// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(ENDPOINT,ACCESS_KEY_ID,SECRET_ACCESS_KEY);//公文访问地址String url = "";try {// 创建存储空间。ossClient.createBucket(BUCKET_NAME);ossClient.putObject(BUCKET_NAME, objectName, inputStream);url = "https://"+BUCKET_NAME+"."+ENDPOINT.substring(ENDPOINT.lastIndexOf("/")+1)+"/"+objectName;} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}return url;}
}

六、调用工具类

    @PostMappingpublic Result<String> upload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {//把文件的内容存储到本地磁盘String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();//保证文件名字唯一，防止覆盖UUIDString fileName =  UUID.randomUUID().toString() + originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf("."));//file.transferTo(new File("C:\\Users\\Arata\\Desktop\\file\\" + fileName));String url = AliOssUtil.uploadFile(fileName, file.getInputStream());return Result.success(url);}