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2025第三届黄河流域网络安全技能挑战赛--Crypto--WriteUp

news 2025/5/26 8:32:46

2025第三届黄河流域网络安全技能挑战赛–Crypto–WriteUp

Crypto

sandwitch

task

from Crypto.Util.number import *
import gmpy2
flag = b'flag{fake_flag}'
assert len(flag) == 39
p = getPrime(512)
q = getPrime(512)
n = p * q
e = 0x3
pad1 = b'easy_problem'
pad2 = b'How_to_solve_it'
c = pow(bytes_to_long(pad1 + flag + pad2),e,n)
print(f'n = {n}')
print(f'c = {c}')'''
n = 130210658110511504736422597261591182174531847806532340762131145212035478695205314931974421838392310731226415266775095601890938846830080329061111533796518633011922277343217149648494987341818402753017296362015915834670450122261511337212801488239810623226740266516836721952886027130703886460578247562781194524199
c = 58274335440051115211211273605191310114692293785750437685473044454042062899661976407492451518086227780147882738264722645944582899451063113444881286175099872016956825274378613983870549046907444680021237171113596116147511706486372974792692071549068969896395366667516390709069131700584308236332248449116109156503
'''

analysis

注意这里e = 3，同时这里进行了填充，针对于RSA的低解密指数攻击，攻击条件为e很小，n很大。且满足 $m ^ e < n$ .

通过尝试直接开三次方转字节解出来乱码之后发现更加确定要转换思路了。

注意到这里每次的填充都是确定的，因此就提供了攻击方式。

Crypto.Util.number中的bytes_to_long函数的源码如下：

def bytes_to_long(s):return int.from_bytes(s, byteorder='big')

详细地解释一下地话就是，针对于每个字节单独转化为16进制，之后进行字符串拼接，最后转化为长整数。

因此，针对于m = bytes_to_long(pad1 + flag + pad2)而言，高位和低位已知，中位攻击，这个时候我们就要判断一下是否满足Coppersmith 攻击的条件，同时寻找一下方程式，这里注意一下，我们已经知道flag的格式，所以可以适当修改pad1，pad2的内容，从而来减少参数的修改以及减少出题人卡上界的情况，下面是我的测试代码：

from Crypto.Util.number import *
import secrets
import stringdef generate_secure_string():characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digitsreturn ''.join(secrets.choice(characters) for _ in range(33))flag = generate_secure_string().encode()
p = getPrime(512)
q = getPrime(512)
n = p * q
e = 0x3
pad1 = b'easy_problemflag{'
pad2 = b'}How_to_solve_it'
# print(flag)
m = bytes_to_long(pad1 + flag + pad2)
c = pow(m, e, n)
print(f"n = {n}")
print(f"c = {c}")
"""
m = hex(bytes_to_long(pad1 + flag + pad2))
m_flag = hex(bytes_to_long(flag))
m_pad1 = hex(bytes_to_long(pad1))
m_pad2 = hex(bytes_to_long(pad2))
print(f"m.bit_length = {int(m[2:], 16).bit_length()}") 527
print(f"pad1.bit_length = {int(m_pad1[2:], 16).bit_length()}") 135
print(f"flag.bit_length = {int(m_flag[2:], 16).bit_length()}") 263
print(f"pad2.bit_length = {int(m_pad2[2:], 16).bit_length()}") 127
assert str(m) == str(m_pad1) + str(m_flag)[2:] + str(m_pad2)[2:]
print(f"m_pad1 = {m_pad1}")
print(f"m_flag = {m_flag}")
print(f"m_pad2 = {m_pad2}")
print(bytes_to_long(flag + pad2).bit_length()) 391
print(bytes_to_long(flag + pad2) == (bytes_to_long(flag) * 2 ** 128) + bytes_to_long(pad2))
print(bytes_to_long(pad1 + flag + pad2) == bytes_to_long(pad1) * 2 ** 392 + bytes_to_long(flag) * 2 ** 128 + bytes_to_long(pad2))
"""
# print(long_to_bytes(7697598481562893683054754039062418309961586143407297792188894672047410457956460))
# BzNXmZ7TTuY29XrrYOHHQTR62Xga61IPl

exp

from Crypto.Util.number import *n = 130210658110511504736422597261591182174531847806532340762131145212035478695205314931974421838392310731226415266775095601890938846830080329061111533796518633011922277343217149648494987341818402753017296362015915834670450122261511337212801488239810623226740266516836721952886027130703886460578247562781194524199
c = 58274335440051115211211273605191310114692293785750437685473044454042062899661976407492451518086227780147882738264722645944582899451063113444881286175099872016956825274378613983870549046907444680021237171113596116147511706486372974792692071549068969896395366667516390709069131700584308236332248449116109156503
pad1 = b'easy_problemflag{'
pad2 = b'}How_to_solve_it'high = bytes_to_long(pad1) * 2 ^ 392
low = bytes_to_long(pad2)PR.<x> = PolynomialRing(Zmod(n))f = (high + x * 2 ^ 128 + low) ^ 3 - c
f = f.monic()flag = f.small_roots(2 ^ 264, 0.8)[0]
print(flag)
print(b'flag{' + long_to_bytes(int(flag)) + b'}')
# 7569574234109478543028852306177716309329892009089553992550207029298310295871844
# b'flag{A_C0pper5mi1tH_4Ues7iOn_SplIt_Pad}'

因式分解

task

# 因式分解.py
from Crypto.Util.number import *
from gmpy2 import*
from secret import flag,a,b,cm = bytes_to_long(flag)
p = getPrime(256)
q = getPrime(256)
n = p * q
e = 65537
_q = int(bin(q)[2:][::-1] , 2)
c = pow(m,e,n)print('n =',n)
print('c =',c)'''
n = 7688109450918412752403544831281002390909833419780604228031807748258766149305710928557842935597759373483911172486806200079137977020089610947423466744079981
c = 6470273779347221033316093386019083111753019159457126878637258794718443144439812725263309232245307744208957171971247518708231996986359926490571921925899978
'''assert a ** 3 + b ** 3 + c ** 3 == 3 * a * b * cgift = secert ** 3 - 9 * secert + 8
print(gift)assert 3 * (p ^ _q) == a + b + c# 16174454302590604301534105361719250538317088773024913985896374029052621214070408075926265229111851489902642328975085914458074453963086159246933939207642987161923181946601656883349077418380372857072224674380642689142603970810010050

# tellasecret.py
import stringfrom secret import hint
from secret import encryptimport randomdicts = string.ascii_lowercase +"{=}"key = (''.join([random.choice(dicts) for i in range(4)])) * 8assert(len(hint) == 32)assert(len(key) == 32)cipher = encrypt(hint, key)    #Vigenereprint(cipher)# cp=wmaunapgimjfpopeblvup=aywqygb

analysis

这道题出的很有意思，但是可能由于理解能力有限或者说是出题有点过于隐晦，请教了一下出题人大大，tellasecret.py加密的明文信息的格式为tellasecretxxxx

首先，针对于gift = secert ** 3 - 9 * secert + 8.我们可以使用二分逼近求解secert.
之后我们去寻找tellasecret.py的明文信息，我们了解到明文空间以及密钥空间的取值集合为小写字母和{=}同时采用了明文，密钥均为32的维吉尼亚加密，但是key的密钥属于可爆破范围，所以如果知道了有意义的明文的格式，我们就可以得到提示tellasecret{a=secert}keepsilentt
根据题目的名称因式分解，以及断言a ** 3 + b ** 3 + c ** 3 == 3 * a * b * c.
$a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\rightarrow (a + b + c)(a^2 + b ^2 + c ^2 - ab-bc+ac)=0\rightarrow\\ (a + b + c){1\over2}[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2]=0\rightarrow\\ 1:a+b+c=0或2:a=b=c$
因此，我们就明白了第二个断言3 * (p ^ _q) == a + b + c，这里原来尝试了第一种情况，发现没办法求解，后面想了想，确实，毕竟费劲巴拉地去解了a。
最终，我们根据这里得到的p ^ _q去进行攻击即可，采用n = p * q以及这里的异或，位与位的关系，进行爆破，由于时间复杂度的关系，剪枝或者说是记忆化搜索爆破减少多于重复的遍历爆破。

具体的原理安利糖醋小鸡块师傅的一篇博客。

exp

二分逼近求解gift = secert ** 3 - 9 * secert + 8

from Crypto.Util.number import *def find_secert(gift):if gift == 8:return 0low = 1high = 1while True:current = high ** 3 - 9 * high + 8if current >= gift:breakhigh *= 2while low <= high:mid = (low + high) // 2current = mid ** 3 - 9 * mid + 8if current == gift:return midelif current < gift:low = mid + 1else:high = mid - 1return Nonegift = 16174454302590604301534105361719250538317088773024913985896374029052621214070408075926265229111851489902642328975085914458074453963086159246933939207642987161923181946601656883349077418380372857072224674380642689142603970810010050secert = find_secert(gift)if secert is not None:assert secert ** 3 - 9 * secert + 8 == giftprint(f"secret = {secert}")
else:print("未找到整数解")
# secret = 25289672915296952421286820568694528489788342353673740247988495109991492893326
# print(long_to_bytes(secert)) b'7\xe9r\x97CO\x15f\xd37\x05\xe6\xbf\x12O\xf1\xee\x1dM\xba\xba\x08\x8c\xa3Q\x9f\xc9O]\xfe:\x8e'
# print(long_to_bytes(gift))

爆破key维吉尼亚爆破

import string
from itertools import productdicts = string.ascii_lowercase + "{=}"
cipher = "cp=wmaunapgimjfpopeblvup=aywqygb"char_to_index = {char: idx for idx, char in enumerate(dicts)}def decrypt(cipher: str, key: str) -> str:"""Vigenère 解密函数"""plain = []key_len = len(key)for i, c in enumerate(cipher):c_idx = char_to_index[c]k_idx = char_to_index[key[i % key_len]]p_idx = (c_idx - k_idx) % 29plain.append(dicts[p_idx])return ''.join(plain)for key_tuple in product(dicts, repeat=4):key_part = ''.join(key_tuple)full_key = key_part * 8plain = decrypt(cipher, full_key)if plain.startswith("tellasecret"):print("####################################")print(plain)# tellasecret{a=secert}keepsilentt

剪枝算法进行最终的解密

from Crypto.Util.number import *
import sys# a = b = c
sys.setrecursionlimit(1500)a = 25289672915296952421286820568694528489788342353673740247988495109991492893326
n = 7688109450918412752403544831281002390909833419780604228031807748258766149305710928557842935597759373483911172486806200079137977020089610947423466744079981
c = 6470273779347221033316093386019083111753019159457126878637258794718443144439812725263309232245307744208957171971247518708231996986359926490571921925899978
e = 65537
pxorq = str(bin(a)[2:]).zfill(256)def find(ph,qh,pl,ql):l = len(ph)tmp0 = ph + (256-2*l)*"0" + pltmp1 = ph + (256-2*l)*"1" + pltmq0 = qh + (256-2*l)*"0" + qltmq1 = qh + (256-2*l)*"1" + qlif(int(tmp0,2)*int(tmq0,2) > n):returnif(int(tmp1,2)*int(tmq1,2) < n):returnif(int(pl,2)*int(ql,2) % (2**(l-1)) != n % (2**(l-1))):returnif(l == 128):pp0 = int(tmp0,2)if(n % pp0 == 0):pf = pp0qf = n//pp0phi = (pf-1)*(qf-1)d = inverse(e,phi)m1 = pow(c,d,n)print(long_to_bytes(m1))exit()else:if(pxorq[l] == "1" and pxorq[255-l] == "1"):find(ph+"1",qh+"0","1"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"0","1"+pl,"1"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"1","0"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"1","0"+pl,"1"+ql)elif(pxorq[l] == "1" and pxorq[255-l] == "0"):find(ph+"1",qh+"0","0"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"0","0"+pl,"1"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"1","1"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"1","1"+pl,"1"+ql)elif(pxorq[l] == "0" and pxorq[255-l] == "1"):find(ph+"0",qh+"0","1"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"1","0"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"0","1"+pl,"1"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"1","0"+pl,"1"+ql)elif(pxorq[l] == "0" and pxorq[255-l] == "0"):find(ph+"0",qh+"0","0"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"0","0"+pl,"1"+ql)find(ph+"0",qh+"1","1"+pl,"0"+ql)find(ph+"1",qh+"1","1"+pl,"1"+ql)find("1","1","1","1")
# b'flag{80a59062-9bbf-99a3-6af0-a24e94032163}'

Happy

task

# task.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Simplify the problem by happy4321
import os, utils
from secret import flag
assert flag.startswith(b'flag{') and flag.endswith(b'}')seed = int(os.urandom(16).hex(), 16)
gen = utils.Gen(seed)
msg = b'Happy4321: ' + flag
enc = bytes(m ^ next(gen) for m in msg).hex()
print(enc)
# cd1dd7c7a9cfe3c0067ff64694e64c38aa759c81d1c8f48cf6f7ee1df2d1e58584da52644ea56bd24dadca6bd5a6899a92b118f57de2529670264d48

# utils.py
class Gen:def __init__(self, state):self.nbits = 128self.state = state & ((1 << self.nbits) - 1)self.mask = 109908700282042807039366676242995409413def func0(self, steps=1):for _ in range(steps):res = self.state & self.maskbit = sum([(res >> i) & 1 for i in range(self.nbits)]) & 1self.state = ((self.state << 1) ^ bit) & ((1 << self.nbits) - 1)return bitdef __next__(self):out = 0for _ in range(8):bit = self.func0(2023)out = (out << 1) ^ bitreturn out

analysis

其中加密函数的思路很清晰，根据本机时间获取随机数种子作为Gen类的初始化参数，进而不断求取下一个，进行加密。
类似于自己写的一个随机数类，类似于流密码产生的随机数。同时，这个也很像一个加密LFSR(反馈线性移位寄存器)加密有些类似。这里就意味着，我们针对于同样的种子会得到相同的gen的结果。因此，要么直接绕过gen直接进行明文的恢复，要么就是相当于随机数预测攻击，找到相关的种子，进行代入，逆向异或求解明文。
由于直接进行爆破gen的输出结果发现并不现实，因此还得转到seed上面，这里参考了XYCTF存在不变点的那道随机数预测的题目。当作自己写了一个基于流密码的反馈线性移位寄存器，之后找到流密码随机中的定值即可。

exp

from Crypto.Util.number import *enc = 'cd1dd7c7a9cfe3c0067ff64694e64c38aa759c81d1c8f48cf6f7ee1df2d1e58584da52644ea56bd24dadca6bd5a6899a92b118f57de2529670264d48'
mask = 109908700282042807039366676242995409413
enc = bytes.fromhex(enc)
n = 128
msg = b'Happy4321: flag{'
M = matrix(GF(2), n, n)
for i in range(n):if i + 1 < n:M[i + 1, i] = 1if mask & (1 << (n - i - 1)):M[i, -1] = 1else:M[i, -1] = 0
ls = []
for i in range(128): tmp = M ^ (2023 * (i + 1))ls.append(list(tmp.column(-1)))out = ''
for i in range(16):t = enc[i] ^^ msg[i]out += bin(t)[2:].zfill(8)
out = list(out)out = [int(i) for i in out]
out = vector(GF(2),out)T = matrix(GF(2),ls).T
state = list(T.solve_left(out))
seed=''
for s in state:seed += str(s)
seed = int(seed,2)
import utils
gen = utils.Gen(seed)
flag = ''
for i in range(len(enc)):flag += chr(enc[i] ^^ next(gen))
print(flag)
# Happy4321: flag{The_matrix_is_as_charming_as_the_starry_sky}

Lattice

task

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
import os
from secret import flag
import numpy as npdef gen(q, n, N, sigma):t = np.random.randint(0, high=q // 2, size=n)s = np.concatenate([np.ones(1, dtype=np.int32), t])A = np.random.randint(0, high=q // 2, size=(N, n))e = np.round(np.random.randn(N) * sigma**2).astype(np.int32) % qb = ((np.dot(A, t) + e).reshape(-1, 1)) % qP = np.hstack([b, -A])return P, sdef enc(P, M, q):N = P.shape[0]n = len(M)r = np.random.randint(0, 2, (n, N))Z = np.zeros((n, P.shape[1]), dtype=np.int32)Z[:, 0] = 1C = np.zeros((n, P.shape[1]), dtype=np.int32)for i in range(n):C[i] = (np.dot(P.T, r[i]) + (np.floor(q / 2) * Z[i] * M[i])) % qreturn Cq = 127
n = 3
N = int(1.1 * n * np.log(q))
sigma = 1.0P, s = gen(q, n, N, sigma)def prep(s):return np.array([int(b) for char in s for b in f"{ord(char):08b}"], dtype=np.int32)C = enc(P, prep(hint), q)
P = P.tolist()
C = C.tolist()
print(f"{P=}")
print(f"{C=}")'''
P=[[87, -27, -52, -29], [57, -41, -24, -60], [76, -17, -55, -37], [75, -46, -33, -21], [121, -55, -33, -34], [47, -4, -34, -45], [112, -33, -44, -16], [74, -44, -5, -25], [20, -21, -16, -49], [89, -21, -54, -24], [18, -23, -53, -1], [35, -40, -4, -29], [105, -54, -2, -8], [44, -24, -43, -36], [111, -15, -15, -54]]
C=[[24, 75, 81, 85], [24, 14, 85, 102], [115, 1, 5, 21], [58, 118, 104, 77], [65, 42, 101, 103], [33, 38, 50, 67], [7, 81, 38, 58], [117, 101, 54, 11], [44, 29, 81, 8], [59, 114, 70, 121], [62, 13, 9, 105], [11, 43, 97, 23], [39, 82, 75, 97], [122, 113, 14, 30], [70, 102, 116, 5], [58, 44, 61, 20], [73, 119, 59, 28], [119, 68, 57, 122], [61, 91, 83, 44], [103, 29, 1, 73], [47, 60, 120, 125], [17, 126, 14, 21], [104, 8, 78, 123], [72, 121, 54, 74], [48, 104, 49, 66], [72, 56, 27, 69], [34, 110, 41, 54], [33, 54, 74, 44], [70, 65, 11, 113], [122, 3, 69, 35], [58, 7, 39, 64], [59, 106, 49, 66], [77, 92, 87, 92], [95, 21, 96, 83], [67, 55, 30, 73], [99, 54, 18, 90], [101, 102, 126, 107], [81, 46, 104, 83], [38, 24, 94, 60], [114, 105, 76, 97], [22, 115, 20, 67], [40, 72, 110, 65], [111, 92, 106, 117], [5, 123, 21, 96], [41, 14, 23, 114], [113, 75, 43, 65], [56, 3, 61, 48], [40, 101, 16, 114], [42, 84, 95, 13], [36, 110, 91, 107], [4, 13, 60, 74], [24, 80, 125, 76], [123, 26, 27, 119], [31, 87, 6, 123], [61, 106, 73, 120], [66, 10, 36, 65], [91, 38, 46, 9], [121, 20, 106, 48], [123, 21, 78, 27], [22, 74, 55, 110], [47, 49, 118, 76], [30, 10, 16, 118], [43, 19, 52, 61], [100, 9, 37, 35], [20, 102, 111, 94], [116, 63, 55, 43], [13, 110, 42, 14], [46, 65, 71, 28], [82, 5, 76, 74], [86, 34, 117, 84], [28, 44, 82, 50], [76, 79, 77, 11], [68, 39, 51, 89], [83, 93, 95, 2], [54, 108, 101, 82], [99, 90, 122, 37], [16, 92, 79, 12], [67, 86, 24, 36], [80, 94, 106, 59], [50, 56, 95, 98], [33, 68, 89, 40], [74, 124, 14, 82], [88, 93, 54, 93], [51, 17, 124, 31], [17, 17, 45, 35], [113, 71, 76, 44], [48, 6, 120, 4], [36, 91, 108, 11], [2, 41, 58, 72], [42, 59, 51, 81], [73, 22, 79, 27], [85, 35, 29, 98], [76, 76, 37, 22], [82, 29, 42, 27], [75, 114, 37, 106], [40, 69, 53, 73], [39, 44, 33, 121], [94, 85, 92, 54], [91, 77, 124, 46], [108, 31, 101, 84], [35, 33, 97, 45], [99, 32, 17, 14], [1, 66, 11, 35], [78, 100, 95, 81], [73, 49, 14, 37], [70, 9, 107, 2], [84, 98, 92, 62], [123, 87, 87, 110], [3, 81, 111, 28], [20, 2, 91, 37], [93, 101, 77, 93], [27, 16, 31, 105], [95, 81, 87, 17], [10, 103, 21, 102], [81, 57, 118, 82], [15, 92, 60, 71], [16, 84, 126, 49], [35, 26, 2, 120], [70, 86, 45, 9], [29, 8, 40, 66], [99, 77, 14, 9], [12, 70, 50, 52], [21, 21, 85, 54], [91, 94, 100, 85], [9, 42, 47, 14], [117, 55, 17, 99], [53, 45, 4, 72], [49, 10, 27, 121], [108, 61, 73, 42], [121, 42, 41, 71], [49, 63, 50, 117], [5, 78, 24, 101], [0, 117, 21, 46], [90, 43, 47, 32], [74, 85, 118, 84], [13, 73, 18, 66], [95, 24, 120, 18], [94, 21, 111, 34], [66, 68, 80, 21], [102, 49, 57, 55], [25, 85, 107, 98], [8, 18, 88, 12], [18, 6, 86, 82], [18, 91, 126, 115], [26, 11, 30, 35], [88, 78, 76, 74], [51, 75, 76, 15], [60, 24, 72, 27], [91, 72, 44, 104], [84, 113, 39, 116], [41, 83, 91, 74], [84, 17, 94, 119], [46, 95, 85, 5], [109, 58, 71, 42], [126, 29, 114, 73], [27, 70, 7, 125], [121, 66, 97, 111], [8, 21, 10, 57], [15, 62, 65, 8], [101, 79, 32, 74], [69, 42, 38, 58], [65, 81, 72, 16], [20, 81, 1, 126], [91, 111, 69, 33], [56, 84, 65, 66], [47, 78, 43, 100], [43, 90, 80, 25], [46, 55, 10, 60], [116, 110, 49, 116], [72, 115, 38, 104], [79, 43, 74, 106], [86, 113, 84, 76], [102, 2, 119, 3], [126, 25, 83, 44], [37, 83, 46, 40], [13, 75, 101, 101], [76, 93, 3, 63], [69, 9, 84, 37], [103, 47, 106, 80], [72, 104, 85, 19], [124, 118, 34, 81], [57, 25, 52, 119], [44, 56, 63, 90], [123, 46, 124, 31], [19, 116, 23, 77], [126, 78, 37, 93], [34, 95, 43, 98], [37, 90, 32, 97], [106, 8, 80, 8], [90, 5, 113, 68], [99, 40, 39, 18], [90, 37, 48, 45], [56, 13, 76, 6], [68, 33, 52, 102], [62, 45, 29, 123], [100, 21, 73, 92], [92, 18, 118, 23], [84, 86, 42, 83], [107, 8, 71, 52], [114, 106, 78, 85], [10, 120, 115, 119], [27, 49, 124, 16], [65, 40, 48, 37], [69, 42, 8, 29], [35, 39, 55, 102], [58, 19, 41, 75], [17, 2, 113, 12], [8, 34, 72, 75], [91, 32, 19, 52], [62, 50, 109, 78], [9, 115, 35, 50], [42, 83, 78, 41], [34, 94, 97, 58], [56, 73, 25, 115], [55, 12, 16, 86], [97, 95, 30, 92], [47, 105, 70, 68], [50, 18, 51, 23], [46, 57, 80, 29], [4, 66, 123, 24], [55, 53, 26, 36], [71, 59, 104, 91], [94, 3, 1, 34], [57, 8, 85, 102], [89, 73, 115, 25], [13, 38, 81, 76], [104, 30, 81, 104], [55, 101, 95, 101], [69, 65, 5, 11], [123, 105, 84, 125], [38, 110, 4, 28], [112, 115, 92, 71], [90, 120, 112, 39], [50, 18, 107, 71], [95, 63, 118, 93], [93, 111, 59, 55], [17, 15, 2, 88], [78, 126, 37, 12], [56, 112, 53, 12], [65, 34, 82, 100], [9, 94, 72, 99], [78, 76, 43, 91], [7, 88, 107, 31], [43, 91, 97, 4], [113, 112, 36, 15], [8, 97, 23, 84], [65, 92, 31, 63], [54, 38, 119, 103], [89, 50, 57, 50], [61, 37, 87, 0], [21, 35, 44, 22], [20, 32, 95, 116], [10, 94, 103, 84], [59, 29, 7, 50], [98, 33, 87, 33], [7, 96, 36, 67], [85, 10, 35, 98], [65, 49, 19, 62], [56, 67, 14, 91], [30, 49, 111, 77], [121, 49, 108, 119], [89, 67, 115, 69], [65, 8, 0, 82], [117, 57, 117, 23], [23, 38, 2, 98], [60, 28, 94, 93], [23, 65, 8, 114], [121, 105, 122, 40], [120, 12, 21, 112], [55, 51, 2, 77], [48, 41, 113, 62], [66, 82, 117, 119], [4, 15, 5, 21], [41, 14, 12, 80], [23, 61, 106, 16], [23, 53, 122, 68], [6, 54, 5, 101], [69, 49, 7, 79], [17, 70, 64, 88], [103, 30, 76, 31], [108, 82, 90, 109], [55, 56, 113, 37], [93, 99, 126, 44], [1, 46, 105, 124], [55, 54, 35, 115], [0, 89, 53, 97], [67, 111, 107, 80], [92, 122, 40, 64], [75, 2, 126, 118], [90, 84, 43, 74], [101, 69, 60, 17], [104, 10, 4, 122], [94, 4, 115, 91], [15, 11, 111, 105], [9, 7, 32, 101], [77, 18, 55, 56], [66, 7, 117, 108], [116, 121, 33, 66], [32, 41, 83, 125], [60, 52, 70, 58], [125, 54, 93, 15], [70, 19, 10, 58], [83, 94, 61, 126], [95, 85, 80, 44], [25, 89, 117, 74], [12, 17, 63, 87], [118, 80, 96, 26], [6, 97, 79, 38], [97, 3, 107, 95], [7, 82, 106, 92], [83, 100, 119, 95], [81, 26, 99, 56], [25, 60, 51, 122], [56, 18, 22, 84], [9, 72, 107, 114], [80, 97, 92, 52], [108, 47, 58, 46], [9, 47, 7, 47], [115, 68, 91, 7], [14, 120, 87, 122], [97, 15, 40, 79], [5, 92, 85, 93], [4, 97, 73, 63], [25, 22, 92, 108], [88, 4, 34, 86], [0, 43, 21, 57], [67, 90, 36, 50], [15, 126, 37, 12], [92, 73, 96, 71], [76, 107, 27, 115], [79, 8, 68, 55], [38, 12, 120, 126], [54, 46, 7, 69], [72, 114, 93, 60], [59, 98, 27, 102], [50, 76, 87, 19], [77, 107, 29, 40], [36, 73, 21, 123], [36, 89, 82, 74], [24, 73, 118, 86], [58, 89, 115, 106], [12, 27, 33, 72], [28, 94, 21, 26], [0, 79, 48, 110], [72, 62, 82, 57], [65, 84, 114, 97], [80, 68, 52, 52], [119, 35, 103, 101], [10, 67, 68, 69], [101, 17, 54, 40], [98, 46, 21, 42], [30, 39, 56, 118], [27, 33, 77, 114], [66, 74, 61, 63], [23, 13, 14, 47], [88, 30, 122, 119], [15, 58, 55, 52], [56, 27, 47, 45], [119, 95, 59, 14], [84, 69, 5, 83], [21, 35, 39, 36], [10, 92, 68, 17], [79, 67, 111, 38], [36, 1, 4, 117], [117, 30, 5, 7], [112, 15, 115, 123], [54, 47, 18, 93], [102, 111, 3, 68], [91, 91, 5, 44], [123, 118, 57, 32], [12, 121, 31, 103], [114, 52, 105, 12], [100, 28, 117, 102], [51, 42, 12, 124], [47, 1, 42, 47], [28, 3, 22, 100], [103, 105, 119, 24], [101, 59, 13, 78], [79, 36, 61, 54], [11, 46, 75, 116], [31, 73, 118, 0], [92, 32, 0, 124], [77, 85, 25, 90], [29, 21, 74, 7], [3, 66, 11, 8], [112, 91, 50, 53], [45, 113, 99, 123], [35, 65, 85, 22], [108, 99, 42, 1], [103, 113, 116, 72], [125, 74, 112, 24], [75, 79, 80, 12], [83, 44, 94, 86], [64, 20, 0, 8], [104, 126, 31, 120], [85, 75, 61, 74], [36, 93, 36, 102], [70, 54, 101, 83], [90, 46, 109, 83], [112, 126, 114, 23], [16, 123, 97, 62], [118, 86, 108, 53], [99, 18, 2, 18], [103, 3, 38, 8], [99, 49, 123, 81], [37, 75, 89, 53], [34, 77, 27, 122], [29, 8, 40, 66], [119, 13, 64, 83], [4, 108, 116, 121], [49, 87, 1, 92], [15, 63, 80, 62], [27, 81, 100, 83], [7, 90, 16, 0], [13, 50, 61, 65], [51, 64, 76, 5], [55, 100, 106, 66], [52, 102, 105, 2], [49, 34, 89, 116], [24, 55, 11, 27], [91, 48, 73, 38], [27, 5, 1, 126], [66, 55, 80, 19], [52, 118, 104, 43], [36, 1, 111, 60], [65, 4, 34, 17], [54, 22, 0, 39], [52, 30, 64, 62], [26, 40, 32, 86], [93, 71, 41, 47], [77, 23, 15, 9], [11, 20, 51, 31], [64, 50, 37, 50], [17, 49, 80, 37], [119, 115, 115, 50], [20, 86, 27, 5], [101, 65, 17, 78], [56, 25, 125, 56], [16, 118, 2, 96], [114, 108, 69, 121], [14, 37, 76, 101], [113, 124, 121, 82], [43, 120, 35, 94], [82, 67, 23, 43], [9, 79, 47, 122], [39, 28, 110, 31], [35, 48, 27, 16], [72, 8, 115, 66], [54, 46, 122, 19], [77, 77, 30, 74], [58, 63, 81, 96], [6, 122, 75, 63], [115, 31, 119, 110], [82, 86, 89, 1], [79, 100, 6, 110], [117, 67, 15, 13], [4, 15, 63, 0], [106, 108, 122, 107], [34, 72, 0, 114], [20, 0, 32, 56], [121, 104, 66, 3], [86, 28, 76, 84], [85, 9, 60, 45], [95, 80, 78, 65], [39, 85, 50, 49], [42, 103, 36, 90], [70, 99, 116, 117], [34, 15, 40, 52], [24, 49, 19, 31], [98, 90, 95, 89], [63, 45, 40, 77], [114, 14, 30, 106], [10, 35, 116, 9], [103, 111, 112, 16], [71, 112, 71, 32], [77, 31, 105, 64], [84, 87, 24, 67], [1, 27, 123, 57], [104, 29, 87, 123], [110, 39, 67, 7], [28, 70, 108, 113], [96, 9, 101, 36], [13, 28, 6, 13], [69, 81, 89, 26], [79, 113, 77, 91], [112, 62, 104, 117], [109, 95, 55, 83], [78, 68, 98, 14], [73, 79, 96, 12], [108, 39, 97, 49], [27, 111, 106, 100], [82, 70, 9, 36], [48, 31, 90, 70], [99, 92, 45, 35], [55, 100, 31, 37], [75, 17, 69, 35], [12, 38, 119, 112], [103, 34, 63, 76], [26, 19, 91, 111], [74, 122, 12, 78], [64, 117, 16, 60], [2, 97, 122, 106], [62, 79, 56, 30], [71, 47, 13, 22], [38, 78, 116, 16], [87, 28, 94, 76], [77, 126, 94, 116], [83, 46, 104, 90], [5, 95, 13, 26], [47, 10, 46, 115], [82, 19, 91, 70], [111, 72, 49, 65], [18, 103, 59, 72], [17, 37, 56, 24], [19, 120, 24, 64], [28, 40, 11, 20], [18, 19, 80, 62], [37, 11, 74, 14], [109, 97, 75, 72], [116, 65, 52, 121], [95, 63, 82, 122], [88, 93, 54, 93], [77, 30, 65, 121], [99, 121, 42, 87], [62, 52, 44, 6], [79, 60, 55, 4], [96, 64, 6, 20], [94, 114, 90, 8], [123, 98, 29, 27], [116, 84, 31, 80], [9, 77, 45, 45], [120, 33, 63, 15], [51, 44, 66, 25], [2, 46, 72, 94], [107, 113, 50, 46], [115, 64, 126, 85], [64, 10, 28, 78], [84, 112, 64, 103], [59, 114, 15, 82], [65, 122, 104, 89], [113, 122, 21, 11], [69, 106, 19, 78], [42, 93, 125, 0], [7, 123, 82, 70], [103, 114, 62, 92], [15, 30, 78, 114], [4, 78, 111, 60], [40, 80, 34, 55], [3, 87, 120, 27], [122, 64, 3, 122], [24, 49, 31, 81], [26, 43, 100, 19], [52, 78, 2, 97], [116, 45, 15, 33], [21, 119, 92, 86], [28, 118, 71, 24], [106, 15, 0, 79], [36, 4, 52, 73], [22, 43, 8, 60], [96, 22, 9, 100], [19, 64, 26, 96], [97, 61, 22, 39], [6, 112, 76, 38], [58, 6, 97, 94], [103, 87, 87, 101], [17, 49, 80, 37], [117, 33, 26, 8], [59, 108, 78, 91], [113, 28, 30, 44], [119, 78, 72, 20], [49, 101, 77, 2], [26, 18, 35, 7], [34, 38, 99, 37], [45, 52, 90, 27], [108, 31, 118, 67], [3, 37, 29, 88], [111, 96, 12, 111], [91, 111, 106, 100], [52, 78, 117, 80], [14, 51, 87, 0], [1, 52, 116, 1], [117, 2, 33, 48], [57, 0, 48, 34], [59, 14, 84, 63], [82, 83, 8, 82], [58, 100, 32, 33], [75, 29, 112, 103], [0, 49, 45, 54], [94, 9, 51, 110], [54, 61, 27, 47], [88, 89, 23, 37], [73, 43, 0, 32], [123, 6, 35, 78], [73, 72, 119, 64], [81, 46, 11, 102], [42, 124, 47, 8], [50, 66, 3, 40], [116, 7, 51, 20], [47, 112, 99, 7], [42, 37, 86, 89], [18, 74, 78, 101], [57, 85, 75, 7], [26, 90, 35, 10], [72, 126, 10, 77], [55, 12, 5, 78], [37, 87, 85, 96], [91, 9, 114, 68], [79, 76, 44, 20], [84, 52, 63, 56], [95, 9, 22, 117], [96, 38, 50, 67], [43, 114, 45, 56], [94, 21, 74, 107], [92, 82, 81, 71], [40, 10, 10, 90], [20, 18, 15, 56], [72, 2, 30, 22], [50, 31, 123, 20], [85, 40, 115, 115], [93, 1, 48, 47], [111, 118, 45, 34], [9, 122, 37, 121], [60, 27, 77, 41], [122, 38, 22, 39], [115, 66, 74, 126], [77, 67, 90, 78], [96, 3, 53, 52], [5, 26, 120, 101], [45, 100, 72, 6], [106, 56, 87, 77], [52, 68, 102, 95], [1, 13, 36, 33], [58, 27, 35, 8], [52, 5, 38, 35], [102, 82, 63, 47], [24, 71, 119, 43], [11, 36, 90, 13], [11, 93, 27, 23], [4, 107, 26, 125], [85, 9, 5, 13], [116, 25, 55, 119], [73, 82, 73, 2], [40, 123, 77, 41], [10, 98, 51, 111], [23, 79, 120, 54], [56, 18, 22, 84], [61, 115, 51, 109], [33, 5, 12, 121], [8, 81, 35, 70], [22, 39, 103, 2], [38, 74, 66, 126], [83, 20, 117, 85], [8, 32, 91, 98], [37, 31, 94, 119], [7, 30, 45, 43], [68, 16, 124, 97], [86, 124, 37, 21], [29, 101, 15, 30], [27, 31, 52, 45], [47, 37, 102, 3], [117, 49, 54, 89], [48, 94, 126, 66], [42, 115, 63, 104], [14, 74, 6, 112], [68, 125, 4, 5], [66, 3, 78, 52], [108, 33, 6, 77], [77, 99, 16, 52], [61, 78, 73, 70], [108, 106, 124, 0], [23, 35, 119, 118], [125, 124, 37, 65], [69, 30, 61, 110], [77, 10, 120, 118], [53, 121, 24, 30], [87, 32, 29, 63], [54, 64, 1, 3], [16, 59, 104, 25], [30, 6, 59, 102], [43, 120, 35, 94], [89, 13, 69, 39], [87, 78, 100, 14], [83, 17, 14, 4], [24, 49, 31, 81], [73, 32, 72, 10], [0, 22, 61, 54], [81, 42, 70, 13], [108, 56, 52, 2], [25, 99, 116, 72], [66, 23, 18, 102], [121, 115, 47, 12], [96, 37, 123, 48], [64, 69, 4, 39], [78, 38, 124, 31], [27, 69, 10, 70], [5, 29, 2, 85], [30, 45, 56, 7], [31, 25, 120, 61], [36, 89, 89, 118], [98, 63, 18, 21], [121, 83, 36, 57], [60, 5, 86, 17], [121, 55, 117, 58], [12, 96, 4, 27], [119, 63, 124, 37], [96, 27, 45, 91], [42, 119, 8, 103], [104, 42, 68, 37], [104, 55, 41, 38], [120, 3, 50, 87], [120, 121, 20, 67], [58, 123, 50, 28], [103, 62, 58, 20], [97, 27, 89, 102], [7, 51, 56, 108], [73, 60, 10, 77], [56, 72, 103, 69], [101, 89, 18, 66], [115, 35, 80, 36], [98, 103, 39, 63], [29, 126, 67, 76], [27, 97, 15, 79], [36, 6, 17, 90], [126, 54, 101, 42], [115, 66, 74, 126], [78, 80, 62, 83], [60, 11, 31, 88], [16, 73, 108, 13]]
'''key = os.urandom(16)
encrypted = AES.new(key=key, iv=iv, mode=AES.MODE_CBC).encrypt(b"".join([pad(i.encode(), 16) for i in flag]))print(leak)
print(key)
print(encrypted)'''
-3.257518803980229925210589904230583482986646342139415561576950148286382674434770529248486501793457710730252401258721482142654716015216299244487794967600132597049154513815052213387666360825101667524635777006510550117512116441539852315185793280311905620746025669520152068447372368293640072502196959919309286241
b'\x8fj\x94\x98-\x1fd\xd5\x89\xbe\xa9*Tu\x90\xb7'
b'\x9fT@\xbc\x82\x8esQ\x1e\xd8\x1d\xdb\x9b\xb4\xf8rU\xc8\xa0\xcb\xaf H\xa9.\x04\x1e\xd2\x92\x1f\x0fBja-\x965x\xa8@\xc9x\xf9\xaf\x87\xd1\xa5}\xfc\x1b\xe0#\xc3m\xc9\x8973\x1c\x1f\x13\x8f\xb2a\xae\xa9]\xb9\xc2\xe8\x83A\x80\x13g\xc9a\x1c<\x8a\x9c&\xd9\xbd\x06\xef\xba9\xb0\x03\x9f\x022\xc9\x13\x9a\xffXPG\xc6o\xc0\xeaV7)XG9L\x84N7U\xe3Wn0G\x8e\xd3\x04(\n\x08\xb9\x17\xe6\xf1\xaa\xb7\x8a@$\x16\x13\x06A\x00\xc9Z\xdf\x7fQ\xc9\x08\xb4\xf3P\xfcpe\xe2\xeb\x96\x0e(-\xde\x17\xd1\x01\x1c_\x82\x8b\x9fw\xc8\x86\xfbw\xb5\xf7\xd0\xc8\x1784\xe3?\x00\x0b.)\xb7\xbc\x8e{\xe0\xae\x8d$\x0f\x19\'\xb6\xee@d\x00\xd9\x84\x8c\x0e\xa3,\xc6a\xa3\xba*1\xfd<\xfd\x18\xd6\x9e\x8c4\x8e#\xfd\xbd&0R\xeddE,\xed\xb6\x1e\x00\x11\xa6K\xd3\x1dT\x8c5\x8e\x00\xea\x10\xe9\'u"B#\xa1#\xd8\xe3\xf5j\xbc\x94M\xda\xe3\xcb*\xf0W1\xa0\x80\x1d\xfc\xbfo\x01?(da\r\xb6\x86\xd0\x90\x88Z\xa1`B\x89\x89\x89\xb3v\xa5\xf0\xe0\x0c\x8e\xcc+P\xfc\xfd#\x83\xe9\x93\x96\n\xf2\xa5\xfb\xc3\xc5\xaa\x9e\x89\x93\xb6\xf5\xea\x8c%NY\xc3\x0eR\xfas\xa1\x13\xf2/*\xce\x8b_:_r\xeb\xbe\x0b\x8a\x8c\x97\x7f|m}\xae\xa9I\x95\xcc\xe7\x80\xa5yC4\x1f5\xa4P\xc5\xbf.\xf9V\xe8|\xbb\xc3\xcb\x98&\'JB\x99\x94\xc0\r$\x0b\xbe48u\xeb\xca\xa1\xfbb\xd8_R\x97\x8e\xaeI\xfc\xc2\xb2\xd2#@\xec\x16\xf1\xd7eCQ\x1cO\x13\xca\xb5\xd3\x1a\xb1\xf1_D\x80\x06\xa5\xbe\xbev\xbd\xd6\xbb\x9a\xc9x\x9cf:\xcb>\xa2\xe1\xcad\xde]aw\xa0\xdc\xb2\xb3{+\x85\x8d\x8b\xc5\rT\xcc\xd9X\xd5\x9b\r<\x99m\xb8b6s\xbfp\x0eo~\xe9&\xb2{\xbe\xee\x93\xd2N1\\\x94\x968IWO7\xcb\xb6e\x80\xf7\x9air\xb2~\x17\x1cF\x0f\x82T]RBX\xdex\x13\x85\xfa\xcd-\xce\xdc\xe4\xe5^\x99u\xb5\x01\xd0-\xc3C\xcd\xc4y6\xb7\x9d|L1\xe74\xf7\x8cH\xe9\xa9\xfav\n\xec;\xf2\xa2w\xfb\x13_b\r)z!\xa3\xc8\xa8\xc2\xd2\x10\x00\x11\x11\r\xb2&\xfb\x04&\x84">x6l[\x06n>\xa0\xbe\x9c`\xa7\x9e\xe0\xfb\x85\x91\xc4,\xcf\xac\xe11@a\xed3@\xfd}\x8e\xfaTp\xcb7\xe7\xbf\xd4\xe0~b\xd9\xe0<\xba\x81\xd4"e\xfc\x939|j#0H\x86\xf8\x0b\x03\xd2\xe8\xf5\xe55\xdc\xc8\x06\\\xb7)\xcc\x9b\'\xf12'
'''

analysis

首先这道题是引入了指定的高斯噪声的LWE问题，当我们进行求解LWE之后，会得到hint:Congratulations,you're amazing!Here's a hint: sin(iv) + leak * cos(iv) = 0, keep it up! @V@
由此，我们可以得到iv的关系式，但是这里根据这个关系式tan(iv)=-k.这个地方就会卡在这里，问过出题人大大之后，第一次了解到了构造三角函数的格。根据三角函数构造的格规约得到iv.注意，这里直接计算反三角函数得到的并不是iv，但是得到的hint是正确的，因为三角函数具有周期性，我们要找到的iv是要在16字节转长整型之后的数据范围内的解，因此可以采用格基规约，这里后期还需要进行自身知识补充。
最后进行AES解密即可。

exp

LWE高斯去噪

from tqdm import tqdm
import numpy as npP=[[87, -27, -52, -29], [57, -41, -24, -60], [76, -17, -55, -37], [75, -46, -33, -21], [121, -55, -33, -34], [47, -4, -34, -45], [112, -33, -44, -16], [74, -44, -5, -25], [20, -21, -16, -49], [89, -21, -54, -24], [18, -23, -53, -1], [35, -40, -4, -29], [105, -54, -2, -8], [44, -24, -43, -36], [111, -15, -15, -54]]
C=[[24, 75, 81, 85], [24, 14, 85, 102], [115, 1, 5, 21], [58, 118, 104, 77], [65, 42, 101, 103], [33, 38, 50, 67], [7, 81, 38, 58], [117, 101, 54, 11], [44, 29, 81, 8], [59, 114, 70, 121], [62, 13, 9, 105], [11, 43, 97, 23], [39, 82, 75, 97], [122, 113, 14, 30], [70, 102, 116, 5], [58, 44, 61, 20], [73, 119, 59, 28], [119, 68, 57, 122], [61, 91, 83, 44], [103, 29, 1, 73], [47, 60, 120, 125], [17, 126, 14, 21], [104, 8, 78, 123], [72, 121, 54, 74], [48, 104, 49, 66], [72, 56, 27, 69], [34, 110, 41, 54], [33, 54, 74, 44], [70, 65, 11, 113], [122, 3, 69, 35], [58, 7, 39, 64], [59, 106, 49, 66], [77, 92, 87, 92], [95, 21, 96, 83], [67, 55, 30, 73], [99, 54, 18, 90], [101, 102, 126, 107], [81, 46, 104, 83], [38, 24, 94, 60], [114, 105, 76, 97], [22, 115, 20, 67], [40, 72, 110, 65], [111, 92, 106, 117], [5, 123, 21, 96], [41, 14, 23, 114], [113, 75, 43, 65], [56, 3, 61, 48], [40, 101, 16, 114], [42, 84, 95, 13], [36, 110, 91, 107], [4, 13, 60, 74], [24, 80, 125, 76], [123, 26, 27, 119], [31, 87, 6, 123], [61, 106, 73, 120], [66, 10, 36, 65], [91, 38, 46, 9], [121, 20, 106, 48], [123, 21, 78, 27], [22, 74, 55, 110], [47, 49, 118, 76], [30, 10, 16, 118], [43, 19, 52, 61], [100, 9, 37, 35], [20, 102, 111, 94], [116, 63, 55, 43], [13, 110, 42, 14], [46, 65, 71, 28], [82, 5, 76, 74], [86, 34, 117, 84], [28, 44, 82, 50], [76, 79, 77, 11], [68, 39, 51, 89], [83, 93, 95, 2], [54, 108, 101, 82], [99, 90, 122, 37], [16, 92, 79, 12], [67, 86, 24, 36], [80, 94, 106, 59], [50, 56, 95, 98], [33, 68, 89, 40], [74, 124, 14, 82], [88, 93, 54, 93], [51, 17, 124, 31], [17, 17, 45, 35], [113, 71, 76, 44], [48, 6, 120, 4], [36, 91, 108, 11], [2, 41, 58, 72], [42, 59, 51, 81], [73, 22, 79, 27], [85, 35, 29, 98], [76, 76, 37, 22], [82, 29, 42, 27], [75, 114, 37, 106], [40, 69, 53, 73], [39, 44, 33, 121], [94, 85, 92, 54], [91, 77, 124, 46], [108, 31, 101, 84], [35, 33, 97, 45], [99, 32, 17, 14], [1, 66, 11, 35], [78, 100, 95, 81], [73, 49, 14, 37], [70, 9, 107, 2], [84, 98, 92, 62], [123, 87, 87, 110], [3, 81, 111, 28], [20, 2, 91, 37], [93, 101, 77, 93], [27, 16, 31, 105], [95, 81, 87, 17], [10, 103, 21, 102], [81, 57, 118, 82], [15, 92, 60, 71], [16, 84, 126, 49], [35, 26, 2, 120], [70, 86, 45, 9], [29, 8, 40, 66], [99, 77, 14, 9], [12, 70, 50, 52], [21, 21, 85, 54], [91, 94, 100, 85], [9, 42, 47, 14], [117, 55, 17, 99], [53, 45, 4, 72], [49, 10, 27, 121], [108, 61, 73, 42], [121, 42, 41, 71], [49, 63, 50, 117], [5, 78, 24, 101], [0, 117, 21, 46], [90, 43, 47, 32], [74, 85, 118, 84], [13, 73, 18, 66], [95, 24, 120, 18], [94, 21, 111, 34], [66, 68, 80, 21], [102, 49, 57, 55], [25, 85, 107, 98], [8, 18, 88, 12], [18, 6, 86, 82], [18, 91, 126, 115], [26, 11, 30, 35], [88, 78, 76, 74], [51, 75, 76, 15], [60, 24, 72, 27], [91, 72, 44, 104], [84, 113, 39, 116], [41, 83, 91, 74], [84, 17, 94, 119], [46, 95, 85, 5], [109, 58, 71, 42], [126, 29, 114, 73], [27, 70, 7, 125], [121, 66, 97, 111], [8, 21, 10, 57], [15, 62, 65, 8], [101, 79, 32, 74], [69, 42, 38, 58], [65, 81, 72, 16], [20, 81, 1, 126], [91, 111, 69, 33], [56, 84, 65, 66], [47, 78, 43, 100], [43, 90, 80, 25], [46, 55, 10, 60], [116, 110, 49, 116], [72, 115, 38, 104], [79, 43, 74, 106], [86, 113, 84, 76], [102, 2, 119, 3], [126, 25, 83, 44], [37, 83, 46, 40], [13, 75, 101, 101], [76, 93, 3, 63], [69, 9, 84, 37], [103, 47, 106, 80], [72, 104, 85, 19], [124, 118, 34, 81], [57, 25, 52, 119], [44, 56, 63, 90], [123, 46, 124, 31], [19, 116, 23, 77], [126, 78, 37, 93], [34, 95, 43, 98], [37, 90, 32, 97], [106, 8, 80, 8], [90, 5, 113, 68], [99, 40, 39, 18], [90, 37, 48, 45], [56, 13, 76, 6], [68, 33, 52, 102], [62, 45, 29, 123], [100, 21, 73, 92], [92, 18, 118, 23], [84, 86, 42, 83], [107, 8, 71, 52], [114, 106, 78, 85], [10, 120, 115, 119], [27, 49, 124, 16], [65, 40, 48, 37], [69, 42, 8, 29], [35, 39, 55, 102], [58, 19, 41, 75], [17, 2, 113, 12], [8, 34, 72, 75], [91, 32, 19, 52], [62, 50, 109, 78], [9, 115, 35, 50], [42, 83, 78, 41], [34, 94, 97, 58], [56, 73, 25, 115], [55, 12, 16, 86], [97, 95, 30, 92], [47, 105, 70, 68], [50, 18, 51, 23], [46, 57, 80, 29], [4, 66, 123, 24], [55, 53, 26, 36], [71, 59, 104, 91], [94, 3, 1, 34], [57, 8, 85, 102], [89, 73, 115, 25], [13, 38, 81, 76], [104, 30, 81, 104], [55, 101, 95, 101], [69, 65, 5, 11], [123, 105, 84, 125], [38, 110, 4, 28], [112, 115, 92, 71], [90, 120, 112, 39], [50, 18, 107, 71], [95, 63, 118, 93], [93, 111, 59, 55], [17, 15, 2, 88], [78, 126, 37, 12], [56, 112, 53, 12], [65, 34, 82, 100], [9, 94, 72, 99], [78, 76, 43, 91], [7, 88, 107, 31], [43, 91, 97, 4], [113, 112, 36, 15], [8, 97, 23, 84], [65, 92, 31, 63], [54, 38, 119, 103], [89, 50, 57, 50], [61, 37, 87, 0], [21, 35, 44, 22], [20, 32, 95, 116], [10, 94, 103, 84], [59, 29, 7, 50], [98, 33, 87, 33], [7, 96, 36, 67], [85, 10, 35, 98], [65, 49, 19, 62], [56, 67, 14, 91], [30, 49, 111, 77], [121, 49, 108, 119], [89, 67, 115, 69], [65, 8, 0, 82], [117, 57, 117, 23], [23, 38, 2, 98], [60, 28, 94, 93], [23, 65, 8, 114], [121, 105, 122, 40], [120, 12, 21, 112], [55, 51, 2, 77], [48, 41, 113, 62], [66, 82, 117, 119], [4, 15, 5, 21], [41, 14, 12, 80], [23, 61, 106, 16], [23, 53, 122, 68], [6, 54, 5, 101], [69, 49, 7, 79], [17, 70, 64, 88], [103, 30, 76, 31], [108, 82, 90, 109], [55, 56, 113, 37], [93, 99, 126, 44], [1, 46, 105, 124], [55, 54, 35, 115], [0, 89, 53, 97], [67, 111, 107, 80], [92, 122, 40, 64], [75, 2, 126, 118], [90, 84, 43, 74], [101, 69, 60, 17], [104, 10, 4, 122], [94, 4, 115, 91], [15, 11, 111, 105], [9, 7, 32, 101], [77, 18, 55, 56], [66, 7, 117, 108], [116, 121, 33, 66], [32, 41, 83, 125], [60, 52, 70, 58], [125, 54, 93, 15], [70, 19, 10, 58], [83, 94, 61, 126], [95, 85, 80, 44], [25, 89, 117, 74], [12, 17, 63, 87], [118, 80, 96, 26], [6, 97, 79, 38], [97, 3, 107, 95], [7, 82, 106, 92], [83, 100, 119, 95], [81, 26, 99, 56], [25, 60, 51, 122], [56, 18, 22, 84], [9, 72, 107, 114], [80, 97, 92, 52], [108, 47, 58, 46], [9, 47, 7, 47], [115, 68, 91, 7], [14, 120, 87, 122], [97, 15, 40, 79], [5, 92, 85, 93], [4, 97, 73, 63], [25, 22, 92, 108], [88, 4, 34, 86], [0, 43, 21, 57], [67, 90, 36, 50], [15, 126, 37, 12], [92, 73, 96, 71], [76, 107, 27, 115], [79, 8, 68, 55], [38, 12, 120, 126], [54, 46, 7, 69], [72, 114, 93, 60], [59, 98, 27, 102], [50, 76, 87, 19], [77, 107, 29, 40], [36, 73, 21, 123], [36, 89, 82, 74], [24, 73, 118, 86], [58, 89, 115, 106], [12, 27, 33, 72], [28, 94, 21, 26], [0, 79, 48, 110], [72, 62, 82, 57], [65, 84, 114, 97], [80, 68, 52, 52], [119, 35, 103, 101], [10, 67, 68, 69], [101, 17, 54, 40], [98, 46, 21, 42], [30, 39, 56, 118], [27, 33, 77, 114], [66, 74, 61, 63], [23, 13, 14, 47], [88, 30, 122, 119], [15, 58, 55, 52], [56, 27, 47, 45], [119, 95, 59, 14], [84, 69, 5, 83], [21, 35, 39, 36], [10, 92, 68, 17], [79, 67, 111, 38], [36, 1, 4, 117], [117, 30, 5, 7], [112, 15, 115, 123], [54, 47, 18, 93], [102, 111, 3, 68], [91, 91, 5, 44], [123, 118, 57, 32], [12, 121, 31, 103], [114, 52, 105, 12], [100, 28, 117, 102], [51, 42, 12, 124], [47, 1, 42, 47], [28, 3, 22, 100], [103, 105, 119, 24], [101, 59, 13, 78], [79, 36, 61, 54], [11, 46, 75, 116], [31, 73, 118, 0], [92, 32, 0, 124], [77, 85, 25, 90], [29, 21, 74, 7], [3, 66, 11, 8], [112, 91, 50, 53], [45, 113, 99, 123], [35, 65, 85, 22], [108, 99, 42, 1], [103, 113, 116, 72], [125, 74, 112, 24], [75, 79, 80, 12], [83, 44, 94, 86], [64, 20, 0, 8], [104, 126, 31, 120], [85, 75, 61, 74], [36, 93, 36, 102], [70, 54, 101, 83], [90, 46, 109, 83], [112, 126, 114, 23], [16, 123, 97, 62], [118, 86, 108, 53], [99, 18, 2, 18], [103, 3, 38, 8], [99, 49, 123, 81], [37, 75, 89, 53], [34, 77, 27, 122], [29, 8, 40, 66], [119, 13, 64, 83], [4, 108, 116, 121], [49, 87, 1, 92], [15, 63, 80, 62], [27, 81, 100, 83], [7, 90, 16, 0], [13, 50, 61, 65], [51, 64, 76, 5], [55, 100, 106, 66], [52, 102, 105, 2], [49, 34, 89, 116], [24, 55, 11, 27], [91, 48, 73, 38], [27, 5, 1, 126], [66, 55, 80, 19], [52, 118, 104, 43], [36, 1, 111, 60], [65, 4, 34, 17], [54, 22, 0, 39], [52, 30, 64, 62], [26, 40, 32, 86], [93, 71, 41, 47], [77, 23, 15, 9], [11, 20, 51, 31], [64, 50, 37, 50], [17, 49, 80, 37], [119, 115, 115, 50], [20, 86, 27, 5], [101, 65, 17, 78], [56, 25, 125, 56], [16, 118, 2, 96], [114, 108, 69, 121], [14, 37, 76, 101], [113, 124, 121, 82], [43, 120, 35, 94], [82, 67, 23, 43], [9, 79, 47, 122], [39, 28, 110, 31], [35, 48, 27, 16], [72, 8, 115, 66], [54, 46, 122, 19], [77, 77, 30, 74], [58, 63, 81, 96], [6, 122, 75, 63], [115, 31, 119, 110], [82, 86, 89, 1], [79, 100, 6, 110], [117, 67, 15, 13], [4, 15, 63, 0], [106, 108, 122, 107], [34, 72, 0, 114], [20, 0, 32, 56], [121, 104, 66, 3], [86, 28, 76, 84], [85, 9, 60, 45], [95, 80, 78, 65], [39, 85, 50, 49], [42, 103, 36, 90], [70, 99, 116, 117], [34, 15, 40, 52], [24, 49, 19, 31], [98, 90, 95, 89], [63, 45, 40, 77], [114, 14, 30, 106], [10, 35, 116, 9], [103, 111, 112, 16], [71, 112, 71, 32], [77, 31, 105, 64], [84, 87, 24, 67], [1, 27, 123, 57], [104, 29, 87, 123], [110, 39, 67, 7], [28, 70, 108, 113], [96, 9, 101, 36], [13, 28, 6, 13], [69, 81, 89, 26], [79, 113, 77, 91], [112, 62, 104, 117], [109, 95, 55, 83], [78, 68, 98, 14], [73, 79, 96, 12], [108, 39, 97, 49], [27, 111, 106, 100], [82, 70, 9, 36], [48, 31, 90, 70], [99, 92, 45, 35], [55, 100, 31, 37], [75, 17, 69, 35], [12, 38, 119, 112], [103, 34, 63, 76], [26, 19, 91, 111], [74, 122, 12, 78], [64, 117, 16, 60], [2, 97, 122, 106], [62, 79, 56, 30], [71, 47, 13, 22], [38, 78, 116, 16], [87, 28, 94, 76], [77, 126, 94, 116], [83, 46, 104, 90], [5, 95, 13, 26], [47, 10, 46, 115], [82, 19, 91, 70], [111, 72, 49, 65], [18, 103, 59, 72], [17, 37, 56, 24], [19, 120, 24, 64], [28, 40, 11, 20], [18, 19, 80, 62], [37, 11, 74, 14], [109, 97, 75, 72], [116, 65, 52, 121], [95, 63, 82, 122], [88, 93, 54, 93], [77, 30, 65, 121], [99, 121, 42, 87], [62, 52, 44, 6], [79, 60, 55, 4], [96, 64, 6, 20], [94, 114, 90, 8], [123, 98, 29, 27], [116, 84, 31, 80], [9, 77, 45, 45], [120, 33, 63, 15], [51, 44, 66, 25], [2, 46, 72, 94], [107, 113, 50, 46], [115, 64, 126, 85], [64, 10, 28, 78], [84, 112, 64, 103], [59, 114, 15, 82], [65, 122, 104, 89], [113, 122, 21, 11], [69, 106, 19, 78], [42, 93, 125, 0], [7, 123, 82, 70], [103, 114, 62, 92], [15, 30, 78, 114], [4, 78, 111, 60], [40, 80, 34, 55], [3, 87, 120, 27], [122, 64, 3, 122], [24, 49, 31, 81], [26, 43, 100, 19], [52, 78, 2, 97], [116, 45, 15, 33], [21, 119, 92, 86], [28, 118, 71, 24], [106, 15, 0, 79], [36, 4, 52, 73], [22, 43, 8, 60], [96, 22, 9, 100], [19, 64, 26, 96], [97, 61, 22, 39], [6, 112, 76, 38], [58, 6, 97, 94], [103, 87, 87, 101], [17, 49, 80, 37], [117, 33, 26, 8], [59, 108, 78, 91], [113, 28, 30, 44], [119, 78, 72, 20], [49, 101, 77, 2], [26, 18, 35, 7], [34, 38, 99, 37], [45, 52, 90, 27], [108, 31, 118, 67], [3, 37, 29, 88], [111, 96, 12, 111], [91, 111, 106, 100], [52, 78, 117, 80], [14, 51, 87, 0], [1, 52, 116, 1], [117, 2, 33, 48], [57, 0, 48, 34], [59, 14, 84, 63], [82, 83, 8, 82], [58, 100, 32, 33], [75, 29, 112, 103], [0, 49, 45, 54], [94, 9, 51, 110], [54, 61, 27, 47], [88, 89, 23, 37], [73, 43, 0, 32], [123, 6, 35, 78], [73, 72, 119, 64], [81, 46, 11, 102], [42, 124, 47, 8], [50, 66, 3, 40], [116, 7, 51, 20], [47, 112, 99, 7], [42, 37, 86, 89], [18, 74, 78, 101], [57, 85, 75, 7], [26, 90, 35, 10], [72, 126, 10, 77], [55, 12, 5, 78], [37, 87, 85, 96], [91, 9, 114, 68], [79, 76, 44, 20], [84, 52, 63, 56], [95, 9, 22, 117], [96, 38, 50, 67], [43, 114, 45, 56], [94, 21, 74, 107], [92, 82, 81, 71], [40, 10, 10, 90], [20, 18, 15, 56], [72, 2, 30, 22], [50, 31, 123, 20], [85, 40, 115, 115], [93, 1, 48, 47], [111, 118, 45, 34], [9, 122, 37, 121], [60, 27, 77, 41], [122, 38, 22, 39], [115, 66, 74, 126], [77, 67, 90, 78], [96, 3, 53, 52], [5, 26, 120, 101], [45, 100, 72, 6], [106, 56, 87, 77], [52, 68, 102, 95], [1, 13, 36, 33], [58, 27, 35, 8], [52, 5, 38, 35], [102, 82, 63, 47], [24, 71, 119, 43], [11, 36, 90, 13], [11, 93, 27, 23], [4, 107, 26, 125], [85, 9, 5, 13], [116, 25, 55, 119], [73, 82, 73, 2], [40, 123, 77, 41], [10, 98, 51, 111], [23, 79, 120, 54], [56, 18, 22, 84], [61, 115, 51, 109], [33, 5, 12, 121], [8, 81, 35, 70], [22, 39, 103, 2], [38, 74, 66, 126], [83, 20, 117, 85], [8, 32, 91, 98], [37, 31, 94, 119], [7, 30, 45, 43], [68, 16, 124, 97], [86, 124, 37, 21], [29, 101, 15, 30], [27, 31, 52, 45], [47, 37, 102, 3], [117, 49, 54, 89], [48, 94, 126, 66], [42, 115, 63, 104], [14, 74, 6, 112], [68, 125, 4, 5], [66, 3, 78, 52], [108, 33, 6, 77], [77, 99, 16, 52], [61, 78, 73, 70], [108, 106, 124, 0], [23, 35, 119, 118], [125, 124, 37, 65], [69, 30, 61, 110], [77, 10, 120, 118], [53, 121, 24, 30], [87, 32, 29, 63], [54, 64, 1, 3], [16, 59, 104, 25], [30, 6, 59, 102], [43, 120, 35, 94], [89, 13, 69, 39], [87, 78, 100, 14], [83, 17, 14, 4], [24, 49, 31, 81], [73, 32, 72, 10], [0, 22, 61, 54], [81, 42, 70, 13], [108, 56, 52, 2], [25, 99, 116, 72], [66, 23, 18, 102], [121, 115, 47, 12], [96, 37, 123, 48], [64, 69, 4, 39], [78, 38, 124, 31], [27, 69, 10, 70], [5, 29, 2, 85], [30, 45, 56, 7], [31, 25, 120, 61], [36, 89, 89, 118], [98, 63, 18, 21], [121, 83, 36, 57], [60, 5, 86, 17], [121, 55, 117, 58], [12, 96, 4, 27], [119, 63, 124, 37], [96, 27, 45, 91], [42, 119, 8, 103], [104, 42, 68, 37], [104, 55, 41, 38], [120, 3, 50, 87], [120, 121, 20, 67], [58, 123, 50, 28], [103, 62, 58, 20], [97, 27, 89, 102], [7, 51, 56, 108], [73, 60, 10, 77], [56, 72, 103, 69], [101, 89, 18, 66], [115, 35, 80, 36], [98, 103, 39, 63], [29, 126, 67, 76], [27, 97, 15, 79], [36, 6, 17, 90], [126, 54, 101, 42], [115, 66, 74, 126], [78, 80, 62, 83], [60, 11, 31, 88], [16, 73, 108, 13]]P = np.array(P)
C = np.array(C)
q = 127
n = 3def enc(P, M, q):N = P.shape[0]n = len(M)r = np.random.randint(0, 2, (n, N))Z = np.zeros((n, P.shape[1]), dtype=np.int32)Z[:, 0] = 1C = np.zeros((n, P.shape[1]), dtype=np.int32)for i in range(n):C[i] = (np.dot(P.T, r[i]) + (np.floor(q/2) * Z[i] * M[i])) % qreturn Cdef dec(C, s, q):M = np.zeros(len(C), dtype=np.int32)for i in range(len(C)):M[i] = round((np.dot(C[i], s) % q) * (2/q)) % 2return Mdef crack_n1_lwe(P, q, num_samples=200):known_messages = np.random.randint(0, 2, num_samples)ciphertexts = enc(P, known_messages, q)best_success = 0best_ts = []for potential_ts in tqdm(range(q**n)):potential_ts = np.unravel_index(potential_ts, (q,) * n)potential_s = np.concat((np.array([1]), np.array(potential_ts)))success_count = 0decrypted = dec(ciphertexts, potential_s, q)success_count = np.sum(known_messages == decrypted)if success_count > best_success:best_success = success_countbest_ts = potential_tsif success_count == num_samples:breakrecovered_s = np.concat((np.array([1]), np.array(best_ts)))success_rate = best_success / num_samplesreturn recovered_s, success_rateprint(f"{q=}")
recovered_s, success_rate = crack_n1_lwe(P, q)
print(recovered_s, success_rate)
M = dec(C, recovered_s, q)def unprep(s):s = ''.join([str(b) for b in s])return ''.join([chr(int(s[i:i+8], 2)) for i in range(0, len(s), 8)])print(unprep(M))

三角函数格基规约iv，AES解密

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad,unpad
from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxort = 3.257518803980229925210589904230583482986646342139415561576950148286382674434770529248486501793457710730252401258721482142654716015216299244487794967600132597049154513815052213387666360825101667524635777006510550117512116441539852315185793280311905620746025669520152068447372368293640072502196959919309286241
a = arctan(t)
ts = 2 ^ 1024A = int(a * ts)
Pi = int((pi).n(1024) * ts)G = Matrix([[1, 0, -ts],[0, 1, int(Pi)],[0, 0, A]])
m = G.LLL()[0][0]
# print(m)
# print(long_to_bytes(int(m)))iv = long_to_bytes(int(m))
c = b'\x9fT@\xbc\x82\x8esQ\x1e\xd8\x1d\xdb\x9b\xb4\xf8rU\xc8\xa0\xcb\xaf H\xa9.\x04\x1e\xd2\x92\x1f\x0fBja-\x965x\xa8@\xc9x\xf9\xaf\x87\xd1\xa5}\xfc\x1b\xe0#\xc3m\xc9\x8973\x1c\x1f\x13\x8f\xb2a\xae\xa9]\xb9\xc2\xe8\x83A\x80\x13g\xc9a\x1c<\x8a\x9c&\xd9\xbd\x06\xef\xba9\xb0\x03\x9f\x022\xc9\x13\x9a\xffXPG\xc6o\xc0\xeaV7)XG9L\x84N7U\xe3Wn0G\x8e\xd3\x04(\n\x08\xb9\x17\xe6\xf1\xaa\xb7\x8a@$\x16\x13\x06A\x00\xc9Z\xdf\x7fQ\xc9\x08\xb4\xf3P\xfcpe\xe2\xeb\x96\x0e(-\xde\x17\xd1\x01\x1c_\x82\x8b\x9fw\xc8\x86\xfbw\xb5\xf7\xd0\xc8\x1784\xe3?\x00\x0b.)\xb7\xbc\x8e{\xe0\xae\x8d$\x0f\x19\'\xb6\xee@d\x00\xd9\x84\x8c\x0e\xa3,\xc6a\xa3\xba*1\xfd<\xfd\x18\xd6\x9e\x8c4\x8e#\xfd\xbd&0R\xeddE,\xed\xb6\x1e\x00\x11\xa6K\xd3\x1dT\x8c5\x8e\x00\xea\x10\xe9\'u"B#\xa1#\xd8\xe3\xf5j\xbc\x94M\xda\xe3\xcb*\xf0W1\xa0\x80\x1d\xfc\xbfo\x01?(da\r\xb6\x86\xd0\x90\x88Z\xa1`B\x89\x89\x89\xb3v\xa5\xf0\xe0\x0c\x8e\xcc+P\xfc\xfd#\x83\xe9\x93\x96\n\xf2\xa5\xfb\xc3\xc5\xaa\x9e\x89\x93\xb6\xf5\xea\x8c%NY\xc3\x0eR\xfas\xa1\x13\xf2/*\xce\x8b_:_r\xeb\xbe\x0b\x8a\x8c\x97\x7f|m}\xae\xa9I\x95\xcc\xe7\x80\xa5yC4\x1f5\xa4P\xc5\xbf.\xf9V\xe8|\xbb\xc3\xcb\x98&\'JB\x99\x94\xc0\r$\x0b\xbe48u\xeb\xca\xa1\xfbb\xd8_R\x97\x8e\xaeI\xfc\xc2\xb2\xd2#@\xec\x16\xf1\xd7eCQ\x1cO\x13\xca\xb5\xd3\x1a\xb1\xf1_D\x80\x06\xa5\xbe\xbev\xbd\xd6\xbb\x9a\xc9x\x9cf:\xcb>\xa2\xe1\xcad\xde]aw\xa0\xdc\xb2\xb3{+\x85\x8d\x8b\xc5\rT\xcc\xd9X\xd5\x9b\r<\x99m\xb8b6s\xbfp\x0eo~\xe9&\xb2{\xbe\xee\x93\xd2N1\\\x94\x968IWO7\xcb\xb6e\x80\xf7\x9air\xb2~\x17\x1cF\x0f\x82T]RBX\xdex\x13\x85\xfa\xcd-\xce\xdc\xe4\xe5^\x99u\xb5\x01\xd0-\xc3C\xcd\xc4y6\xb7\x9d|L1\xe74\xf7\x8cH\xe9\xa9\xfav\n\xec;\xf2\xa2w\xfb\x13_b\r)z!\xa3\xc8\xa8\xc2\xd2\x10\x00\x11\x11\r\xb2&\xfb\x04&\x84">x6l[\x06n>\xa0\xbe\x9c`\xa7\x9e\xe0\xfb\x85\x91\xc4,\xcf\xac\xe11@a\xed3@\xfd}\x8e\xfaTp\xcb7\xe7\xbf\xd4\xe0~b\xd9\xe0<\xba\x81\xd4"e\xfc\x939|j#0H\x86\xf8\x0b\x03\xd2\xe8\xf5\xe55\xdc\xc8\x06\\\xb7)\xcc\x9b\'\xf12'
key = b'\x8fj\x94\x98-\x1fd\xd5\x89\xbe\xa9*Tu\x90\xb7'
myaes = AES.new(key=key, iv=iv, mode=AES.MODE_CBC)decrypted_bytes = myaes.decrypt(c)
# print(decrypted_bytes)
messages = [decrypted_bytes[i:i + 16] for i in range(0, len(decrypted_bytes), 16)]
flag = "".join([chr(message[0]) for message in messages])
print(flag)
# flag{6ef25d1e-bb76-8e53-dbc4-1e56585f9aa9}

同时在解密的时候，这里的填充很有意思，就是对每一个字节都做相同的16位的填充，在看完Chestnut师傅的wp后，也和师傅讨论了一下，这道题的另一种解法漏洞是由于AES-CBC以及这道题所作的这种固定的填充。

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import padencrypted = b'\x9fT@\xbc\x82\x8esQ\x1e\xd8\x1d\xdb\x9b\xb4\xf8rU\xc8\xa0\xcb\xaf H\xa9.\x04\x1e\xd2\x92\x1f\x0fBja-\x965x\xa8@\xc9x\xf9\xaf\x87\xd1\xa5}\xfc\x1b\xe0#\xc3m\xc9\x8973\x1c\x1f\x13\x8f\xb2a\xae\xa9]\xb9\xc2\xe8\x83A\x80\x13g\xc9a\x1c<\x8a\x9c&\xd9\xbd\x06\xef\xba9\xb0\x03\x9f\x022\xc9\x13\x9a\xffXPG\xc6o\xc0\xeaV7)XG9L\x84N7U\xe3Wn0G\x8e\xd3\x04(\n\x08\xb9\x17\xe6\xf1\xaa\xb7\x8a@$\x16\x13\x06A\x00\xc9Z\xdf\x7fQ\xc9\x08\xb4\xf3P\xfcpe\xe2\xeb\x96\x0e(-\xde\x17\xd1\x01\x1c_\x82\x8b\x9fw\xc8\x86\xfbw\xb5\xf7\xd0\xc8\x1784\xe3?\x00\x0b.)\xb7\xbc\x8e{\xe0\xae\x8d$\x0f\x19\'\xb6\xee@d\x00\xd9\x84\x8c\x0e\xa3,\xc6a\xa3\xba*1\xfd<\xfd\x18\xd6\x9e\x8c4\x8e#\xfd\xbd&0R\xeddE,\xed\xb6\x1e\x00\x11\xa6K\xd3\x1dT\x8c5\x8e\x00\xea\x10\xe9\'u"B#\xa1#\xd8\xe3\xf5j\xbc\x94M\xda\xe3\xcb*\xf0W1\xa0\x80\x1d\xfc\xbfo\x01?(da\r\xb6\x86\xd0\x90\x88Z\xa1`B\x89\x89\x89\xb3v\xa5\xf0\xe0\x0c\x8e\xcc+P\xfc\xfd#\x83\xe9\x93\x96\n\xf2\xa5\xfb\xc3\xc5\xaa\x9e\x89\x93\xb6\xf5\xea\x8c%NY\xc3\x0eR\xfas\xa1\x13\xf2/*\xce\x8b_:_r\xeb\xbe\x0b\x8a\x8c\x97\x7f|m}\xae\xa9I\x95\xcc\xe7\x80\xa5yC4\x1f5\xa4P\xc5\xbf.\xf9V\xe8|\xbb\xc3\xcb\x98&\'JB\x99\x94\xc0\r$\x0b\xbe48u\xeb\xca\xa1\xfbb\xd8_R\x97\x8e\xaeI\xfc\xc2\xb2\xd2#@\xec\x16\xf1\xd7eCQ\x1cO\x13\xca\xb5\xd3\x1a\xb1\xf1_D\x80\x06\xa5\xbe\xbev\xbd\xd6\xbb\x9a\xc9x\x9cf:\xcb>\xa2\xe1\xcad\xde]aw\xa0\xdc\xb2\xb3{+\x85\x8d\x8b\xc5\rT\xcc\xd9X\xd5\x9b\r<\x99m\xb8b6s\xbfp\x0eo~\xe9&\xb2{\xbe\xee\x93\xd2N1\\\x94\x968IWO7\xcb\xb6e\x80\xf7\x9air\xb2~\x17\x1cF\x0f\x82T]RBX\xdex\x13\x85\xfa\xcd-\xce\xdc\xe4\xe5^\x99u\xb5\x01\xd0-\xc3C\xcd\xc4y6\xb7\x9d|L1\xe74\xf7\x8cH\xe9\xa9\xfav\n\xec;\xf2\xa2w\xfb\x13_b\r)z!\xa3\xc8\xa8\xc2\xd2\x10\x00\x11\x11\r\xb2&\xfb\x04&\x84">x6l[\x06n>\xa0\xbe\x9c`\xa7\x9e\xe0\xfb\x85\x91\xc4,\xcf\xac\xe11@a\xed3@\xfd}\x8e\xfaTp\xcb7\xe7\xbf\xd4\xe0~b\xd9\xe0<\xba\x81\xd4"e\xfc\x939|j#0H\x86\xf8\x0b\x03\xd2\xe8\xf5\xe55\xdc\xc8\x06\\\xb7)\xcc\x9b\'\xf12'message_pad = pad(b'f', 16)key = b'\x8fj\x94\x98-\x1fd\xd5\x89\xbe\xa9*Tu\x90\xb7'myaes = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_ECB)iv = bytes([a ^ b for a, b in zip(myaes.decrypt(encrypted[:16]), message_pad)])
# print(iv)
c = b'\x9fT@\xbc\x82\x8esQ\x1e\xd8\x1d\xdb\x9b\xb4\xf8rU\xc8\xa0\xcb\xaf H\xa9.\x04\x1e\xd2\x92\x1f\x0fBja-\x965x\xa8@\xc9x\xf9\xaf\x87\xd1\xa5}\xfc\x1b\xe0#\xc3m\xc9\x8973\x1c\x1f\x13\x8f\xb2a\xae\xa9]\xb9\xc2\xe8\x83A\x80\x13g\xc9a\x1c<\x8a\x9c&\xd9\xbd\x06\xef\xba9\xb0\x03\x9f\x022\xc9\x13\x9a\xffXPG\xc6o\xc0\xeaV7)XG9L\x84N7U\xe3Wn0G\x8e\xd3\x04(\n\x08\xb9\x17\xe6\xf1\xaa\xb7\x8a@$\x16\x13\x06A\x00\xc9Z\xdf\x7fQ\xc9\x08\xb4\xf3P\xfcpe\xe2\xeb\x96\x0e(-\xde\x17\xd1\x01\x1c_\x82\x8b\x9fw\xc8\x86\xfbw\xb5\xf7\xd0\xc8\x1784\xe3?\x00\x0b.)\xb7\xbc\x8e{\xe0\xae\x8d$\x0f\x19\'\xb6\xee@d\x00\xd9\x84\x8c\x0e\xa3,\xc6a\xa3\xba*1\xfd<\xfd\x18\xd6\x9e\x8c4\x8e#\xfd\xbd&0R\xeddE,\xed\xb6\x1e\x00\x11\xa6K\xd3\x1dT\x8c5\x8e\x00\xea\x10\xe9\'u"B#\xa1#\xd8\xe3\xf5j\xbc\x94M\xda\xe3\xcb*\xf0W1\xa0\x80\x1d\xfc\xbfo\x01?(da\r\xb6\x86\xd0\x90\x88Z\xa1`B\x89\x89\x89\xb3v\xa5\xf0\xe0\x0c\x8e\xcc+P\xfc\xfd#\x83\xe9\x93\x96\n\xf2\xa5\xfb\xc3\xc5\xaa\x9e\x89\x93\xb6\xf5\xea\x8c%NY\xc3\x0eR\xfas\xa1\x13\xf2/*\xce\x8b_:_r\xeb\xbe\x0b\x8a\x8c\x97\x7f|m}\xae\xa9I\x95\xcc\xe7\x80\xa5yC4\x1f5\xa4P\xc5\xbf.\xf9V\xe8|\xbb\xc3\xcb\x98&\'JB\x99\x94\xc0\r$\x0b\xbe48u\xeb\xca\xa1\xfbb\xd8_R\x97\x8e\xaeI\xfc\xc2\xb2\xd2#@\xec\x16\xf1\xd7eCQ\x1cO\x13\xca\xb5\xd3\x1a\xb1\xf1_D\x80\x06\xa5\xbe\xbev\xbd\xd6\xbb\x9a\xc9x\x9cf:\xcb>\xa2\xe1\xcad\xde]aw\xa0\xdc\xb2\xb3{+\x85\x8d\x8b\xc5\rT\xcc\xd9X\xd5\x9b\r<\x99m\xb8b6s\xbfp\x0eo~\xe9&\xb2{\xbe\xee\x93\xd2N1\\\x94\x968IWO7\xcb\xb6e\x80\xf7\x9air\xb2~\x17\x1cF\x0f\x82T]RBX\xdex\x13\x85\xfa\xcd-\xce\xdc\xe4\xe5^\x99u\xb5\x01\xd0-\xc3C\xcd\xc4y6\xb7\x9d|L1\xe74\xf7\x8cH\xe9\xa9\xfav\n\xec;\xf2\xa2w\xfb\x13_b\r)z!\xa3\xc8\xa8\xc2\xd2\x10\x00\x11\x11\r\xb2&\xfb\x04&\x84">x6l[\x06n>\xa0\xbe\x9c`\xa7\x9e\xe0\xfb\x85\x91\xc4,\xcf\xac\xe11@a\xed3@\xfd}\x8e\xfaTp\xcb7\xe7\xbf\xd4\xe0~b\xd9\xe0<\xba\x81\xd4"e\xfc\x939|j#0H\x86\xf8\x0b\x03\xd2\xe8\xf5\xe55\xdc\xc8\x06\\\xb7)\xcc\x9b\'\xf12'
key = b'\x8fj\x94\x98-\x1fd\xd5\x89\xbe\xa9*Tu\x90\xb7'
myaes = AES.new(key=key, iv=iv, mode=AES.MODE_CBC)decrypted_bytes = myaes.decrypt(c)
# print(decrypted_bytes)
messages = [decrypted_bytes[i:i + 16] for i in range(0, len(decrypted_bytes), 16)]
flag = "".join([chr(message[0]) for message in messages])
print(flag)
# flag{6ef25d1e-bb76-8e53-dbc4-1e56585f9aa9}