go语言对Cookie的支持
cookie就是客户端存储技术，以键值对的形式存在,是一个结构体。在B/S架构中，服务器端产生Cookie响应给客户端，浏览器接收后把cookie存在特定的文件夹中，以后每次请求浏览器都会把Cookie内容放入请求中
在net/http包下提供了Cookie结构体
- Name设置Cookie的名称
- Value 表示Cookie的值
Path 有效范围 - Domain 可访问cookie 的域
- Expires 过期时间
- MaxAge 最大存活时间,单位秒
- HttpOnly 是否可以通过脚本访问
main.go
func setCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {c := http.Cookie{Name: "mykey", Value: "myvalue"}http.SetCookie(w, &c)t, _ := template.ParseFiles("demo/view/index.html")fmt.Println(w)t.Execute(w, nil)
}func getCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {//取出内容并且显示在html中//根据key取出cookie//cl, _ := r.Cookie("mykey")//取出全部cookie内容cs := r.Cookies()// 过滤掉非预期的 Cookievar filteredCookies []*http.Cookiefor _, c := range cs {if c.Name == "mykey" {filteredCookies = append(filteredCookies, c)}}t, _ := template.ParseFiles("demo/view/index.html")fmt.Println(filteredCookies)t.Execute(w, filteredCookies)
}func main() {server := http.Server{Addr: ":8090"}http.Handle("/demo/static/", http.StripPrefix("/demo/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("demo/static"))))http.HandleFunc("/", welcome)http.HandleFunc("/setCookie", setCookie)http.HandleFunc("/getCookie", getCookie)server.ListenAndServe()
}
index.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>文件下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="setCookie">产生Cookie</a><br>
<a href="getCookie">获取Cookie</a><br>
{{.}}
</body>
</html>
HttpOnly
HttpOnly:控制Cookie的内容是否可以被Javascript访问到。通过设置Httpdnly为true时防止XSS攻击防御手段
默认HttpOnly为false,表示客户端可以通过js获取
在项目中导入jquery.cookie.js库,使用jquery获取客户端Cookie内容
HTML
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>T</title><script src="demo/static/js/jquery-3.7.1.js"></script><script src="demo/static/js/jquery.cookie.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">$(function (){$("button").click(function(){var $value= $.cookie("myname")alert($value)})})</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="doCookie">产生Cookie</a><br>
<button>获取Cookie</button>
</body>
</html>
main.go
func doCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {//HttpOnly防止被攻击c := http.Cookie{Name: "myname", Value: "myvalue", HttpOnly: true}http.SetCookie(w, &c)t, _ := template.ParseFiles("demo/view/index.html")t.Execute(w, nil)
}
Path
Path属性设置Cookie的访问范围
默认为”/"表示当前项目下所有都可以访问
Path设置路径及子路径内容都可以访问
首先先访问index.html,点击超链接产生cookie,在浏览器地址栏输入localhost:8090/abc/mypath后发现可以访问cookie
main.go
func doCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {//HttpOnly防止被攻击//c := http.Cookie{Name: "myname", Value: "myvalue", HttpOnly: true}c := http.Cookie{Name: "myname", Value: "myvalue", Path: "/abc/"}http.SetCookie(w, &c)t, _ := template.ParseFiles("demo/view/index.html")t.Execute(w, nil)
}func abc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {fmt.Fprintln(w, r.Cookies())
}func main() {server := http.Server{Addr: ":8090"}http.Handle("/demo/static/", http.StripPrefix("/demo/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("demo/static"))))http.HandleFunc("/", welcome)http.HandleFunc("/doCookie", doCookie)http.HandleFunc("/abc/jqk", abc)server.ListenAndServe()
}
此时访问/abc不能获取，只能访问/abc/jqk获取，因为写了 http.HandleFunc(“/abc/jqk”, abc)
Expires
Cookie默认存活时间是浏览器不关闭,当浏览器关闭后,Cookie失效
可以通过Expires设置具体什么时候过期,Cookie失效,也可以通过MaxAge设置Cookie多长时间后实现
IE6,7,8和很多浏览器不支持MaxAge,建议使用Expires
Expires是time.Time类型,所以设置时需要明确设置过期时间
func doCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {//十秒后过期//c := http.Cookie{Name: "myname", Value: "myvalue", MaxAge: 10}//指定时间过期c := http.Cookie{Name: "myname", Value: "myvalue", Expires: time.Date(2025, 3, 16, 17, 13, 1, 0, time.Local)}http.SetCookie(w, &c)t, _ := template.ParseFiles("demo/view/index.html")t.Execute(w, nil)
}