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Java 爬虫实战指南：获取淘宝商品详情

news 2025/7/25 16:06:37

在电商领域，淘宝作为中国最大的在线零售平台之一，拥有海量的商品信息。对于开发者、市场分析师以及电商研究者来说，能够从淘宝获取商品详情信息，对于市场分析、价格比较、商品推荐等应用场景具有重要价值。本文将详细介绍如何使用 Java 编写爬虫程序，以合法合规的方式获取淘宝商品的详情信息，并提供详细的代码示例。

一、准备工作

（一）注册淘宝开放平台账号

在使用淘宝 API 之前，需要在淘宝开放平台注册成为开发者，创建应用并获取 App Key 和 App Secret。这些凭证是调用 API 接口时的身份验证依据。

（二）添加 Java 依赖

确保你的 Java 项目中包含了必要的依赖库，如 HttpClient 和 Jackson，用于发送 HTTP 请求和解析 JSON 数据。如果使用 Maven，可以在 pom.xml 中添加以下依赖：

xml

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId><version>4.5.13</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId><artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId><version>2.10.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

二、编写爬虫代码

（一）构建请求并调用 API

使用 HttpClient 发送 GET 请求，调用淘宝的商品详情接口。以下是完整的 Java 代码示例：

java

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;public class TaobaoCrawler {private static final String API_URL = "https://eco.taobao.com/router/rest";public static void main(String[] args) {String appKey = "YOUR_APP_KEY";String appSecret = "YOUR_APP_SECRET";String itemId = "123456789";String response = getItemDetails(itemId, appKey, appSecret);if (response != null) {parseItemDetails(response);}}public static String getItemDetails(String itemId, String appKey, String appSecret) {try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {String timestamp = java.time.LocalDateTime.now().toString();String sign = generateSign(appSecret, itemId, timestamp);HttpGet request = new HttpGet(API_URL + "?method=taobao.item_get_pro&app_key=" + appKey +"&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&v=2.0&format=json&sign_method=md5&num_iid=" + itemId +"&fields=title,price,item_imgs,desc&sign=" + sign);String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(client.execute(request).getEntity());return responseBody;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}public static String generateSign(String appSecret, String itemId, String timestamp) {String paramStr = "app_keyYOUR_APP_KEYformatjsontimestamp" + timestamp + "v2.0methodtaobao.item_get_pronum_iid" + itemId + "fields=title,price,item_imgs,desc";String signStr = appSecret + paramStr + appSecret;return md5(signStr).toUpperCase();}public static String md5(String input) {try {java.security.MessageDigest md = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");byte[] messageDigest = md.digest(input.getBytes());BigInteger no = new BigInteger(1, messageDigest);return no.toString(16);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}public static void parseItemDetails(String jsonResponse) {try {ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();ItemDetails itemDetails = mapper.readValue(jsonResponse, ItemDetails.class);System.out.println("商品标题: " + itemDetails.getItem().getTitle());System.out.println("价格: " + itemDetails.getItem().getPrice());System.out.println("图片URL: " + itemDetails.getItem().getItemImgs().getItemImg().get(0).getUrl());} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}static class ItemDetails {private Item item;public Item getItem() {return item;}}static class Item {private String title;private String price;private ItemImgs itemImgs;public String getTitle() {return title;}public String getPrice() {return price;}public ItemImgs getItemImgs() {return itemImgs;}}static class ItemImgs {private ItemImg itemImg;public ItemImg getItemImg() {return itemImg;}}static class ItemImg {private String url;public String getUrl() {return url;}}
}

（二）解析 JSON 数据

解析返回的 JSON 数据，提取商品详情：

java

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;public class JsonUtil {public static void parseItemDetails(String jsonResponse) {try {ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();JsonNode rootNode = mapper.readTree(jsonResponse);JsonNode item = rootNode.path("item_get_pro_response").path("item");System.out.println("商品ID: " + item.path("num_iid").asText());System.out.println("商品标题: " + item.path("title").asText());System.out.println("商品价格: " + item.path("price").asText());System.out.println("商品图片: " + item.path("pic_url").asText());System.out.println("商品描述: " + item.path("desc").asText());} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}