【HarmonyOS 5】鸿蒙星闪NearLink详解

【HarmonyOS 5】鸿蒙星闪NearLink详解

一、前言

鸿蒙星闪NearLink Kit 是 HarmonyOS 提供的短距离通信服务，支持星闪设备间的连接、数据交互。例如，手机可作为中心设备与外围设备（如鼠标、手写笔、智能家电、车钥匙等）通过星闪进行连接。

二、NearLink Kit 的接入与使用：

点击跳转官方文档地址

鸿蒙星闪（NearLink）的基本接入代码示例，包含设备发现、连接和数据传输的核心流程：

// NearLink设备管理服务示例import nearlink from '@ohos.nearlink';
import nearlinkSle from '@ohos.nearlink.sle';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';// 星闪服务管理类
export class NearLinkManager {private context: common.UIAbilityContext | undefined;private deviceManager: nearlinkSle.SleDeviceManager | undefined;private connectedDeviceId: string | null = null;private dataChannel: nearlinkSle.SleDataChannel | undefined;constructor(context: common.UIAbilityContext) {this.context = context;}// 初始化星闪服务async initNearLinkService() {try {// 检查并请求星闪权限await this.checkAndRequestNearLinkPermission();// 创建设备管理器实例this.deviceManager = await nearlinkSle.getSleDeviceManager(this.context!);// 注册设备状态变化监听this.registerDeviceStateListener();console.info('NearLink service initialized successfully');} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to initialize NearLink service: ${error}`);throw error;}}// 检查并请求星闪权限private async checkAndRequestNearLinkPermission() {// 权限检查逻辑// ...}// 开始扫描附近的星闪设备async startDiscovery() {if (!this.deviceManager) {throw new Error('Device manager not initialized');}try {// 配置扫描参数const discoveryConfig = {mode: nearlinkSle.SleDiscoveryMode.ACTIVE,duration: 30, // 扫描持续时间(秒)filter: {deviceTypes: [nearlinkSle.SleDeviceType.ALL]}};// 注册设备发现回调const callback = {onDeviceFound: (device: nearlinkSle.SleDevice) => {console.info(`Found device: ${device.deviceName}, type: ${device.deviceType}`);// 处理发现的设备，例如更新UIthis.onDeviceDiscovered(device);},onDiscoveryStateChanged: (state: number) => {console.info(`Discovery state changed: ${state}`);}};// 开始扫描await this.deviceManager.startDiscovery(discoveryConfig, callback);console.info('NearLink device discovery started');} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to start discovery: ${error}`);throw error;}}// 处理发现的设备private onDeviceDiscovered(device: nearlinkSle.SleDevice) {// 这里可以添加设备过滤逻辑// ...// 通知UI更新设备列表// ...}// 连接到指定星闪设备async connectToDevice(deviceId: string) {if (!this.deviceManager) {throw new Error('Device manager not initialized');}try {// 创建连接参数const connectParams = {timeout: 10000, // 连接超时时间(毫秒)connectionType: nearlinkSle.SleConnectionType.DATA_CHANNEL};// 连接设备const connectionResult = await this.deviceManager.connect(deviceId, connectParams);if (connectionResult.resultCode === 0) {this.connectedDeviceId = deviceId;this.dataChannel = connectionResult.dataChannel;console.info(`Connected to device: ${deviceId}`);// 注册数据接收回调this.registerDataReceiveListener();} else {console.error(`Failed to connect device, error code: ${connectionResult.resultCode}`);throw new Error(`Connection failed: ${connectionResult.resultCode}`);}} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to connect device: ${error}`);throw error;}}// 注册数据接收监听器private registerDataReceiveListener() {if (!this.dataChannel) return;this.dataChannel.on('dataReceived', (data: ArrayBuffer) => {// 处理接收到的数据const decoder = new TextDecoder();const message = decoder.decode(data);console.info(`Received data: ${message}`);// 通知UI有新数据到达// ...});}// 发送数据到已连接设备async sendData(message: string) {if (!this.dataChannel) {throw new Error('Data channel not initialized');}try {const encoder = new TextEncoder();const data = encoder.encode(message).buffer;// 发送数据await this.dataChannel.send(data);console.info(`Data sent successfully: ${message}`);} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to send data: ${error}`);throw error;}}// 断开与设备的连接async disconnect() {if (!this.deviceManager || !this.connectedDeviceId) return;try {await this.deviceManager.disconnect(this.connectedDeviceId);this.connectedDeviceId = null;this.dataChannel = undefined;console.info('Device disconnected');} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to disconnect device: ${error}`);throw error;}}// 注册设备状态变化监听private registerDeviceStateListener() {if (!this.deviceManager) return;this.deviceManager.on('deviceStateChanged', (params) => {console.info(`Device state changed: ${JSON.stringify(params)}`);// 处理设备状态变化// ...});}// 释放资源async release() {await this.disconnect();if (this.deviceManager) {try {await this.deviceManager.release();console.info('NearLink resources released');} catch (error) {console.error(`Failed to release resources: ${error}`);}}}
}

三、鸿蒙星闪指标对比

以下是鸿蒙星闪、蓝牙和NFC在技术性能、应用场景、成本与生态系统等方面的区别表格：