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Docling将pdf转markdown以及与AI生态集成

backend 2025/9/6 6:20:37

Docling 简化了文档处理，解析各种格式（包括高级 PDF 理解），并提供与 gen AI 生态系统的无缝集成。

特征

解析多种文档格式，包括 PDF、DOCX、PPTX、XLSX、HTML、WAV、MP3、图像（PNG、TIFF、JPEG 等）等;
高级 PDF 理解，包括页面布局、阅读顺序、表格结构、代码、公式、图像分类等;
统一、富有表现力的 DoclingDocument 表示格式;
各种导出格式和选项，包括 Markdown、HTML、 DocTags 和无损 JSON;
敏感数据和隔离环境的本地执行能力;
即插即用集成，包括 LangChain、LlamaIndex、Crew AI 和用于代理 AI 的 Haystack;
对扫描的 PDF 和图像提供广泛的 OCR 支持;
支持多种可视化语言模型;
支持自动语音识别 (ASR) 模型的音频;
简单便捷的 CLI。

一、简单Demo

安装包

pip install docling

官方提供的demo代码，

from docling.document_converter import DocumentConvertersource = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.01062"  # document per local path or URLconverter = DocumentConverter()
result = converter.convert(source)
print(result.document.export_to_markdown())  # output: "## Docling Technical Report[...]"

几行代码就可以将pdf文档转成markdown格式的文档，表格也转换的很成功。

注意：

1、若未科学上网，代码执行可能会失败；因为代码中会自动下载docling运行所依赖的模型以及默认的easyocr的模型文件；下载好的文件会放$HOME/.cache/docling/models 目录。

2、一般我们都会事先从huggface或modelscope下载好模型文件，下载如下文件，放同一个目录下。

二、pdf转markdown，图片本地存储

指定本地模型文件，图片保存到本地。

import pathlib
import logging
import time
from docling.datamodel.base_models import InputFormat
from docling.datamodel.pipeline_options import PdfPipelineOptions, EasyOcrOptions
from docling.document_converter import PdfFormatOption, DocumentConverter, ImageFormatOption, PowerpointFormatOption, \WordFormatOption, ExcelFormatOption, HTMLFormatOption
from docling_core.types.doc import ImageRefMode, PictureItem, TableItem# # 指定模型路径
# easyocr_model_storage_directory = r"D:\Test\LLMTrain\DoclingTest\models_file\easyocr\Ceceliachenen\easyocr"  # 使用绝对路径
# # 指定OCR模型
# easyocr_options = EasyOcrOptions()
# # 可以不设置，默认语言：["fr", "de", "es", "en"]
# easyocr_options.lang = ['ch_sim', 'en']  # 中英文
# easyocr_options.model_storage_directory = easyocr_model_storage_directoryartifacts_path = r"C:\Users\muxue\.cache\docling\models"  # 使用绝对路径
pipeline_options = PdfPipelineOptions(artifacts_path=artifacts_path)
# 设置支持OCR
pipeline_options.do_ocr = True
# 设置支持表结构
pipeline_options.do_table_structure = TrueIMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE = 2.0
pipeline_options.images_scale = IMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE
#pipeline_options.generate_page_images = True
#生成图片，必须要改配置为True
pipeline_options.generate_picture_images = True# 指定OCR模型
#pipeline_options.ocr_options = easyocr_optionsdoc_converter  = DocumentConverter(format_options={InputFormat.PDF: PdfFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.IMAGE: ImageFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.PPTX: PowerpointFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.DOCX: WordFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.XLSX: ExcelFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.HTML: HTMLFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options)}
)input_doc_path = r"D:\Test\test.pdf"
start_time = time.time()conv_res = doc_converter.convert(input_doc_path)
output_dir = pathlib.Path("scratch")
output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
doc_filename = conv_res.input.file.stem# Save markdown with externally referenced pictures
md_filename = output_dir / f"{doc_filename}-with-image-refs.md"
conv_res.document.save_as_markdown(md_filename, image_mode=ImageRefMode.REFERENCED)end_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"Time taken: {end_time} seconds")

三、批量pdf转markdown

将多个pdf批量装成 markdown是常见操作。我们来实现一下吧。

import logging
import time
from collections.abc import Iterable
from pathlib import Path
import yaml
from docling_core.types.doc import ImageRefMode
from docling.datamodel.base_models import ConversionStatus, InputFormat
from docling.datamodel.document import ConversionResult
from docling.datamodel.pipeline_options import PdfPipelineOptions
from docling.document_converter import DocumentConverter, PdfFormatOptiondef export2md(conv_results: Iterable[ConversionResult], output_dir: Path):output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)success_count = 0for conv_res in conv_results:if conv_res.status == ConversionStatus.SUCCESS:success_count += 1doc_filename = conv_res.input.file.stemconv_res.document.save_as_markdown(output_dir / f"{doc_filename}.md",image_mode=ImageRefMode.REFERENCED,)logging.info(f"Converted {doc_filename} to Markdown successfully.")def main():artifacts_path = r"D:\muxue\model_file\docling_all"  # 模型文件使用绝对路径pipeline_options = PdfPipelineOptions(artifacts_path=artifacts_path)# 设置支持OCRpipeline_options.do_ocr = True# 设置支持表结构pipeline_options.do_table_structure = TrueIMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE = 2.0pipeline_options.images_scale = IMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE#pipeline_options.generate_page_images = True#生成图片，必须要改配置为Truepipeline_options.generate_picture_images = Truedoc_converter  = DocumentConverter(format_options={InputFormat.PDF: PdfFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options)})data_folder = Path(r"D:\muxue\orginal_file")input_doc_paths = [data_folder / "test.pdf",data_folder / "2206.01062v1.pdf",]start_time = time.time()conv_results = doc_converter.convert_all(input_doc_paths,raises_on_error=False,  # to let conversion run through all and examine results at the end)export2md(conv_results, Path("scratch"))end_time = time.time() - start_timeprint(f"Time taken: {end_time} seconds")if __name__ == '__main__':logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)main()

四、PDF无损转Json

import pathlib
import logging
import time
from docling.datamodel.base_models import InputFormat
from docling.datamodel.pipeline_options import PdfPipelineOptions, EasyOcrOptions
from docling.document_converter import PdfFormatOption, DocumentConverter, ImageFormatOption, PowerpointFormatOption, \WordFormatOption, ExcelFormatOption, HTMLFormatOption
from docling_core.types.doc import ImageRefMode, PictureItem, TableItemartifacts_path = r"D:\muxue\model_file\docling_all"  # 使用绝对路径
pipeline_options = PdfPipelineOptions(artifacts_path=artifacts_path)
# 设置支持OCR
pipeline_options.do_ocr = True
# 设置支持表结构
pipeline_options.do_table_structure = TrueIMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE = 2.0
pipeline_options.images_scale = IMAGE_RESOLUTION_SCALE
#pipeline_options.generate_page_images = True
#生成图片，必须要改配置为True
pipeline_options.generate_picture_images = True# 指定OCR模型
#pipeline_options.ocr_options = easyocr_optionsdoc_converter  = DocumentConverter(format_options={InputFormat.PDF: PdfFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.IMAGE: ImageFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.PPTX: PowerpointFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.DOCX: WordFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.XLSX: ExcelFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options),InputFormat.HTML: HTMLFormatOption(pipeline_options=pipeline_options)}
)input_doc_path = r"D:\muxue\test.pdf"
start_time = time.time()conv_res = doc_converter.convert(input_doc_path)
output_dir = pathlib.Path("scratch")
output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
doc_filename = conv_res.input.file.stem# Save markdown with externally referenced pictures
md_filename = output_dir / f"{doc_filename}.json"
conv_res.document.save_as_json(md_filename, image_mode=ImageRefMode.REFERENCED)end_time = time.time() - start_time
print(f"Time taken: {end_time} seconds")

“无损 JSON” 在 Docling 中意味着：将文档的内在数据结构与详细元信息完整转到 JSON，并保证可以从 JSON 完整还原为同一个文档模型。
而 Markdown/HTML 导出是“有损” 的，因为这些格式省略了很多底层结构与元数据，只是适合人类阅读和简单内容展示。

五、Docling与第3方平台集成

Docling 与众多领先框架和工具的集成，比如LangChain、LlamaIndex和Crew AI等。

在LlamaIndex中，可以直接使用Docling作为阅读器，和DoclingNodeParser 可将DoclingReader 生成的 JSON/MarkDown 格式文档解析为 LlamaIndex 的节点。

from llama_index.readers.docling import DoclingReader
from llama_index.node_parser.docling import DoclingNodeParser
from llama_index.core import VectorStoreIndex
reader = DoclingReader(export_type=DoclingReader.ExportType.JSON)
node_parser = DoclingNodeParser()
documents = reader.load_data("your_file.pdf")
index = VectorStoreIndex.from_documents(documents=documents,transformations=[node_parser],embed_model=EMBED_MODEL,
)