world quant教程学习二

undamental data is an important indicator showing a company's actual financial performance.
基本面数据是显示公司实际财务业绩的重要指标。

Combining it with PV(Price-Volume) data can create more meaningful Alphas.
将其与 PV（Price-Volume）数据相结合可以创建更有意义的 Alpha。

When you want to compare data, you can use the following methods:
当您需要比较数据时，可以使用以下方法：

• Using subtraction or division: Suitable for simple indicator comparisons
  使用减法或除法： 适用于简单的指标比较
• Can also compare using various methods like (y - x) / x
  也可以使用各种方法进行比较，例如 （y - x） / x

Analysis Methods  分析方法

• Time Series: Comparing current performance to past
  时间序列： 将当前性能与过去进行比较
• Cross-Sectional: Comparison with other companies
  横截面： 与其他公司的比较

operating_income: A company's profit from core business operations, excluding interest and taxes.
operating_income： 公司从核心业务运营中获得的利润，不包括利息和税款。

cap: The total market value of a company's outstanding shares, calculated by multiplying share price by number of shares.
帽： 公司流通股的总市值，计算方式为股价乘以股数。

ebitda: Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization; a measure of a company's overall financial performance.
EBITDA： 息税折旧摊销前利润;衡量公司整体财务业绩的指标。

enterprise_value: The total value of a company, including market cap, debt, and cash; often used in business valuation.
enterprise_value： 公司的总价值，包括市值、债务和现金;通常用于企业估值。