【华为】现场配置OSPF
原创：厦门微思网络
实验目的
1、了解OSPF的运行原理
2、掌握OSPF的配置方法
实验拓扑
实验需求
1、根据实验拓扑图，完成设备的基本配置；
2、分别在R1、R2、R3上创建Loopback0接口，IP地址分别是1.1.1.1/32、2.2.2.2/32、3.3.3.3/32，Loopback0地址作为OSPF的Router-ID；
3、根据实验拓扑图的区域划分，在R1、R2、R3上配置OSPF，使得全网路由可达。
实验拓扑
步骤1：设备的基本配置
配置PC1：
VPCS> set pcname PC1 //设置主机名
PC1> ip 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.254 //设置IP地址与网关
配置PC2：
VPCS> set pcname PC2
PC2> ip 192.168.2.1/24 192.168.2.254
配置R1：
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R1(config-line)#logging synchronous
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#interface loopback0
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#interface ethernet0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#endR1#
配置R2：
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R2(config)#line console 0
R2(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R2(config-line)#logging synchronous
R2(config-line)#exit
R2(config)#interface loopback0
R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial1/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#endR2#
配置R3：
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R3(config)#line console 0
R3(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0
R3(config-line)#logging synchronous
R3(config-line)#exit
R3(config)#interface loopback0
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface ethernet0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial1/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#endR3#
步骤2：检查设备接口状态
检查PC1：
PC1> show ip
NAME : PC1[1]
IP/MASK : 192.168.1.1/24
GATEWAY : 192.168.1.254
DNS :
MAC : 00:50:79:66:68:04
LPORT : 20000
RHOST:PORT : 127.0.0.1:30000
MTU : 1500
检查R1：
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 192.168.1.254 YES manual up up
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/0 192.168.12.1 YES manual up up
Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
检查R2：
R2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status ProtocolEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/0 192.168.12.2 YES manual up up
Serial1/1 192.168.23.2 YES manual up up
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up
检查R3：
R3#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 192.168.2.254 YES manual up up
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/0 192.168.23.3 YES manual up up
Serial1/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Serial1/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Loopback0 3.3.3.3 YES manual up up
检查PC2：
PC2> show ip
NAME : PC2[1]
IP/MASK : 192.168.2.1/24
GATEWAY : 192.168.2.254
DNS :
MAC : 00:50:79:66:68:05
LPORT : 20000
RHOST:PORT : 127.0.0.1:30000
MTU : 1500
步骤3：测试直连网络的连通性
测试PC1跟网关的网络连通性：
PC1> ping 192.168.1.254
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.359 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.459 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.463 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.403 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.1.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.417 ms
测试R1跟R2之间的网络连通性：
R1#ping 192.168.12.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/9/10 ms
测试R2跟R3之间的网络连通性：
R2#ping 192.168.23.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 9/9/11 ms
测试PC2跟网关的网络连通性：
PC2> ping 192.168.2.254
84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.469 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.484 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.518 ms
84 bytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.400 ms
84 ytes from 192.168.2.254 icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=0.405 ms
步骤4：配置OSPF
配置R1：
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#endR1#
配置R2：
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#endR2#
配置R3：
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#endR3#
实验拓扑
步骤1：检查OSPF邻居
检查R1：
R1#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:31 192.168.12.2 Serial1/0
Full是完全邻接状态，是正常的状态。
检查R2：
R2#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:31 192.168.12.1 Serial1/0
3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:39 192.168.23.3 Serial1/1
检查R3：
R3#show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:33 192.168.23.2 Serial1/0
步骤2：检查OSPF路由
检查R1：
R1#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISPa - application route+ - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/138] via 192.168.12.2, 00:04:48, Serial1/0192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
L 192.168.12.1/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O IA 192.168.23.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.12.2, 00:06:10, Serial1/0
R1有两条O IA的路由，O IA表示OSPF区域间的路由；
因为R1所有接口都是属于Area 0，192.168.2.0/24和192.168.23.0/24都是属于Area 1，所以通过R2跨区域传递给R1之后，就形成了O IA路由。
检查R2：
R2#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static routeo - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISPa - application route+ - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR
Gateway of last resort is not set2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.12.1, 00:09:55, Serial1/0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 192.168.23.3, 00:08:24, Serial1/1192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
L 192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0192.168.23.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
L 192.168.23.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1
因为R1既有接口属于Area 0，也有接口属于Area 1；
所以R1的路由表看到的都是O路由，O表示OSPF区域内的路由。