静态路由综合实验
一、实验拓扑
二、实验需求
1. 除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；
2. R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；
3. R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
4. 全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；
5. R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；
三、实验思路
1、划分IP（划分IP的方式有多种，以下划分方式可做为参考），并给相应设备配置IP地址。
分析：纵观整个网络拓扑，需要划分的网段有环回网段8个，骨干网段6个，为节约IP地址，可以给点到点的骨干链路分配/30掩码的网段；且因为后续会将R1-R4各自的环回汇总，所以可以在一开始就将其看成一个网段，之后再进行细分。同理，/30也可以细分，那一开始可以将192.168.1.0/24划分为5个大的网段。
2、编写除了到达5.5.5.0/24之外，到达其他网段的静态路由
3、配置缺省路由，实现5.5.5.0/24互通，至此实现全网通，并测试
4、防环，做黑洞路由配置
5、做备份，通过改变路由条目优先级实现，并观察静态路由表变化
6、测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路。
四、实验配置
AR1
配置物理接口
[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1GE0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.65 255.255.255.252 配置IP
[AR1GE0/0/0] undo shutdown 激活接口
[AR1GE0/0/0] quit
[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR1GE0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.69 255.255.255.252
[AR1GE0/0/1] undo shutdown
[AR1GE0/0/1] quit配置环回接口（模拟PC网络）
[AR1] interface LoopBack 0
[AR1LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.240
[AR1LoopBack0] ospf networktype broadcast
[AR1LoopBack0] quit
[AR1] interface LoopBack 1
[AR1LoopBack1] ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.240
[AR1LoopBack1] ospf networktype broadcast
[AR1LoopBack1] quit配置OSPF动态路由
[AR1] ospf 1 routerid 1.1.1.1 启动OSPF进程
[AR1ospf1] area 0 进入骨干区域
[AR1ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.15 宣告环回网段
[AR1ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3 宣告AR1AR2链路
[AR1ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.68 0.0.0.3 宣告AR1AR3链路
[AR1ospf1area0.0.0.0] quit
[AR1ospf1] quit
AR2
# 配置物理接口（比AR1多一个接口）
[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GE0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.66 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR1
[AR2-GE0/0/0] undo shutdown
[AR2-GE0/0/0] quit
[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GE0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.73 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR3
[AR2-GE0/0/1] undo shutdown
[AR2-GE0/0/1] quit
[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 # AR1没有此接口
[AR2-GE0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.77 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR4
[AR2-GE0/0/2] undo shutdown
[AR2-GE0/0/2] quit
# 环回接口配置（与AR1结构相同）
[AR2] interface LoopBack 0
[AR2-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.1.17 255.255.255.240
[AR2-LoopBack0] ospf network-type broadcast
[AR2-LoopBack0] quit
[AR2] interface LoopBack 1
[AR2-LoopBack1] ip address 192.168.1.18 255.255.255.240
[AR2-LoopBack1] ospf network-type broadcast
[AR2-LoopBack1] quit
# OSPF配置（关键差异：多宣告一个网段）
[AR2] ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[AR2-ospf-1] area 0
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.16 0.0.0.15 # 环回
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.3 # AR1-AR2链路
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.72 0.0.0.3 # AR2-AR3链路
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.76 0.0.0.3 # AR2-AR4链路（AR1没有）
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[AR2-ospf-1] quitAR3
# 物理接口配置
[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR3-GE0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.70 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR1
[AR3-GE0/0/0] undo shutdown
[AR3-GE0/0/0] quit
[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GE0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.74 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR2
[AR3-GE0/0/1] undo shutdown
[AR3-GE0/0/1] quit
[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR3-GE0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.81 255.255.255.252 # 连接AR4
[AR3-GE0/0/2] undo shutdown
[AR3-GE0/0/2] quit
# 环回接口
[AR3] interface LoopBack 0
[AR3-LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.1.33 255.255.255.240
[AR3-LoopBack0] ospf network-type broadcast
[AR3-LoopBack0] quit
[AR3] interface LoopBack 1
[AR3-LoopBack1] ip address 192.168.1.34 255.255.255.240
[AR3-LoopBack1] ospf network-type broadcast
[AR3-LoopBack1] quit
# OSPF配置
[AR3] ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[AR3-ospf-1] area 0
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.32 0.0.0.15 # 环回
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.68 0.0.0.3 # AR1-AR3链路
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.72 0.0.0.3 # AR2-AR3链路
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.80 0.0.0.3 # AR3-AR4链路
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[AR3-ospf-1] quitAR4
配置上行接口
[R4] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR4GE0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.78 255.255.255.252
[AR4GE0/0/0] undo shutdown
[AR4GE0/0/0] quit
[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR4GE0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.82 255.255.255.252
[AR4GE0/0/1] undo shutdown
[AR4GE0/0/1] quit
主备链路配置（核心！）
[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 1000M主链路
[AR4GE0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.85 255.255.255.252
[AR4GE0/0/2] ospf cost 1 设置低开销值（优先使用）
[AR4GE0/0/2] undo shutdown
[AR4GE0/0/2] quit
[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 100M备链路
[AR4GE0/0/3] ip address 192.168.1.89 255.255.255.252
[AR4GE0/0/3] ospf cost 10 设置高开销值（备份路径）
[AR4GE0/0/3] undo shutdown
[AR4GE0/0/3] quit环回接口
[AR4] interface LoopBack 0
[AR4LoopBack0] ip address 192.168.1.49 255.255.255.240
[AR4LoopBack0] ospf networktype broadcast
[AR4LoopBack0] quit
[AR4] interface LoopBack 1
[AR4LoopBack1] ip address 192.168.1.50 255.255.255.240
[AR4LoopBack1] ospf networktype broadcast
[AR4LoopBack1] quitOSPF配置
[AR4] ospf 1 routerid 4.4.4.4
[AR4ospf1] area 0
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.48 0.0.0.15 环回
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.76 0.0.0.3 AR2AR4
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.80 0.0.0.3 AR3AR4
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.84 0.0.0.3 主链路
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.88 0.0.0.3 备链路
[AR4ospf1area0.0.0.0] quit[AR4ospf1] quitAR5
主备链路接口
[AR5] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 主链路
[AR5GE0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.86 255.255.255.252
[AR5GE0/0/0] ospf cost 1 与AR4保持一致
[AR5GE0/0/0] undo shutdown
[AR5GE0/0/0] quit
[AR5] interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 备链路
[AR5GE0/0/1] ip address 192.168.1.90 255.255.255.252
[AR5GE0/0/1] ospf cost 10
[AR5GE0/0/1] undo shutdown
[AR5GE0/0/1] quit特殊环回地址（题目要求）
[AR5] interface LoopBack 0
[AR5LoopBack0] ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0 固定地址
[AR5LoopBack0] ospf networktype broadcast
[AR5LoopBack0] quitOSPF宣告
[AR5] ospf 1 routerid 5.5.5.5
[AR5ospf1] area 0
[AR5ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.84 0.0.0.3 主链路
[AR5ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.88 0.0.0.3 备链路
[AR5ospf1area0.0.0.0] network 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 环回地址
[AR5ospf1area0.0.0.0] quit
[AR5ospf1] quit