.NET MAUI跨平台串口通讯方案

MAUI项目架构设计

平台特定实现

接口定义

/// <summary>
/// 跨平台串口服务接口
/// </summary>
public interface ISerialPortService
{/// <summary>/// 获取可用串口列表/// </summary>Task<string[]> GetAvailablePortsAsync();/// <summary>/// 连接到指定串口/// </summary>Task<bool> ConnectAsync(string portName, int baudRate);/// <summary>/// 断开串口连接/// </summary>Task DisconnectAsync();/// <summary>/// 发送数据/// </summary>Task SendDataAsync(byte[] data);/// <summary>/// 发送文本数据/// </summary>Task SendTextAsync(string text);/// <summary>/// 数据接收事件/// </summary>event EventHandler<SerialDataEventArgs> DataReceived;/// <summary>/// 连接状态变化事件/// </summary>event EventHandler<bool> ConnectionChanged;/// <summary>/// 是否已连接/// </summary>bool IsConnected { get; }
}/// <summary>
/// 串口数据事件参数
/// </summary>
public class SerialDataEventArgs : EventArgs
{public byte[] Data { get; set; }public string Text { get; set; }public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }
}

Windows平台实现

#if WINDOWS
using System.IO.Ports;/// <summary>
/// Windows平台串口服务实现
/// </summary>
public class WindowsSerialPortService : ISerialPortService
{private SerialPort _serialPort;private bool _isConnected;public bool IsConnected => _isConnected;public event EventHandler<SerialDataEventArgs> DataReceived;public event EventHandler<bool> ConnectionChanged;public WindowsSerialPortService(){_serialPort = new SerialPort();_serialPort.DataReceived += OnDataReceived;}public async Task<string[]> GetAvailablePortsAsync(){return await Task.FromResult(SerialPort.GetPortNames());}public async Task<bool> ConnectAsync(string portName, int baudRate){try{if (_isConnected)await DisconnectAsync();_serialPort.PortName = portName;_serialPort.BaudRate = baudRate;_serialPort.DataBits = 8;_serialPort.Parity = Parity.None;_serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One;_serialPort.Open();_isConnected = true;ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, true);return true;}catch (Exception ex){_isConnected = false;ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, false);return false;}}public async Task DisconnectAsync(){try{if (_serialPort?.IsOpen == true){_serialPort.Close();}_isConnected = false;ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, false);}catch (Exception){// 忽略关闭时的异常}}public async Task SendDataAsync(byte[] data){if (!_isConnected || !_serialPort.IsOpen)throw new InvalidOperationException("串口未连接");await Task.Run(() => _serialPort.Write(data, 0, data.Length));}public async Task SendTextAsync(string text){var data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);await SendDataAsync(data);}private void OnDataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e){try{var buffer = new byte[_serialPort.BytesToRead];var bytesRead = _serialPort.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);var eventArgs = new SerialDataEventArgs{Data = buffer.Take(bytesRead).ToArray(),Text = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead),Timestamp = DateTime.Now};DataReceived?.Invoke(this, eventArgs);}catch (Exception){// 处理读取异常}}
}
#endif

Android平台实现

#if ANDROID
using Android.Hardware.Usb;
using AndroidX.Core.Content;/// <summary>
/// Android平台串口服务实现
/// 基于USB Host模式
/// </summary>
public class AndroidSerialPortService : ISerialPortService
{private UsbManager _usbManager;private UsbDevice _usbDevice;private UsbDeviceConnection _connection;private UsbInterface _interface;private UsbEndpoint _endpointIn;private UsbEndpoint _endpointOut;private bool _isConnected;private CancellationTokenSource _readCancellation;public bool IsConnected => _isConnected;public event EventHandler<SerialDataEventArgs> DataReceived;public event EventHandler<bool> ConnectionChanged;public AndroidSerialPortService(){var context = Platform.CurrentActivity ?? Android.App.Application.Context;_usbManager = (UsbManager)context.GetSystemService(Android.Content.Context.UsbService);}public async Task<string[]> GetAvailablePortsAsync(){var deviceList = _usbManager.DeviceList;var portNames = new List<string>();foreach (var device in deviceList.Values){// 检查是否为串口设备（根据VID/PID或设备类型判断）if (IsSerialDevice(device)){portNames.Add($"USB-{device.DeviceName}");}}return portNames.ToArray();}public async Task<bool> ConnectAsync(string portName, int baudRate){try{// Android USB串口连接实现// 这里需要根据具体的USB转串口芯片实现var deviceList = _usbManager.DeviceList;foreach (var device in deviceList.Values){if ($"USB-{device.DeviceName}" == portName){_usbDevice = device;break;}}if (_usbDevice == null)return false;// 请求USB权限if (!_usbManager.HasPermission(_usbDevice)){// 需要请求权限return false;}_connection = _usbManager.OpenDevice(_usbDevice);if (_connection == null)return false;// 配置USB设备_interface = _usbDevice.GetInterface(0);_connection.ClaimInterface(_interface, true);// 找到输入输出端点for (int i = 0; i < _interface.EndpointCount; i++){var endpoint = _interface.GetEndpoint(i);if (endpoint.Direction == UsbAddressing.In)_endpointIn = endpoint;else if (endpoint.Direction == UsbAddressing.Out)_endpointOut = endpoint;}_isConnected = true;ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, true);// 启动数据读取StartDataReading();return true;}catch (Exception){_isConnected = false;ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, false);return false;}}public async Task DisconnectAsync(){_isConnected = false;_readCancellation?.Cancel();_connection?.ReleaseInterface(_interface);_connection?.Close();ConnectionChanged?.Invoke(this, false);}public async Task SendDataAsync(byte[] data){if (!_isConnected || _connection == null || _endpointOut == null)throw new InvalidOperationException("设备未连接");await Task.Run(() =>{_connection.BulkTransfer(_endpointOut, data, data.Length, 1000);});}public async Task SendTextAsync(string text){var data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);await SendDataAsync(data);}private void StartDataReading(){_readCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource();Task.Run(async () =>{var buffer = new byte[1024];while (!_readCancellation.Token.IsCancellationRequested && _isConnected){try{var bytesRead = _connection.BulkTransfer(_endpointIn, buffer, buffer.Length, 100);if (bytesRead > 0){var eventArgs = new SerialDataEventArgs{Data = buffer.Take(bytesRead).ToArray(),Text = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead),Timestamp = DateTime.Now};DataReceived?.Invoke(this, eventArgs);}await Task.Delay(10);}catch (Exception){// 处理读取异常}}});}private bool IsSerialDevice(UsbDevice device){// 根据VID/PID或设备类型判断是否为串口设备// 这里可以添加常见USB转串口芯片的识别逻辑return device.DeviceClass == UsbClass.CdcData || device.DeviceClass == UsbClass.Comm;}
}
#endif

MAUI主界面实现

/// <summary>
/// MAUI主页面
/// </summary>
public partial class MainPage : ContentPage
{private readonly ISerialPortService _serialService;private readonly ObservableCollection<string> _receivedMessages;public MainPage(ISerialPortService serialService){InitializeComponent();_serialService = serialService;_receivedMessages = new ObservableCollection<string>();MessagesCollectionView.ItemsSource = _receivedMessages;// 绑定事件_serialService.DataReceived += OnDataReceived;_serialService.ConnectionChanged += OnConnectionChanged;// 加载可用串口LoadAvailablePorts();}private async void LoadAvailablePorts(){try{var ports = await _serialService.GetAvailablePortsAsync();PortPicker.ItemsSource = ports;if (ports.Length > 0)PortPicker.SelectedIndex = 0;}catch (Exception ex){await DisplayAlert("错误", $"加载串口列表失败: {ex.Message}", "确定");}}private async void OnConnectClicked(object sender, EventArgs e){try{if (_serialService.IsConnected){await _serialService.DisconnectAsync();}else{if (PortPicker.SelectedItem == null){await DisplayAlert("提示", "请选择串口", "确定");return;}var portName = PortPicker.SelectedItem.ToString();var baudRate = int.Parse(BaudRatePicker.SelectedItem?.ToString() ?? "9600");var success = await _serialService.ConnectAsync(portName, baudRate);if (!success){await DisplayAlert("错误", "连接失败", "确定");}}}catch (Exception ex){await DisplayAlert("错误", $"连接操作失败: {ex.Message}", "确定");}}private async void OnSendClicked(object sender, EventArgs e){try{if (!_serialService.IsConnected){await DisplayAlert("提示", "请先连接串口", "确定");return;}var text = SendEntry.Text;if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text)){await DisplayAlert("提示", "请输入要发送的内容", "确定");return;}await _serialService.SendTextAsync(text + "\r\n");SendEntry.Text = string.Empty;// 在消息列表中显示发送的内容_receivedMessages.Add($"[发送] {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} - {text}");}catch (Exception ex){await DisplayAlert("错误", $"发送失败: {ex.Message}", "确定");}}private void OnDataReceived(object sender, SerialDataEventArgs e){// 在UI线程中更新界面MainThread.BeginInvokeOnMainThread(() =>{_receivedMessages.Add($"[接收] {e.Timestamp:HH:mm:ss} - {e.Text.Trim()}");// 自动滚动到最新消息if (_receivedMessages.Count > 0){MessagesCollectionView.ScrollTo(_receivedMessages.Last());}});}private void OnConnectionChanged(object sender, bool isConnected){MainThread.BeginInvokeOnMainThread(() =>{ConnectButton.Text = isConnected ? "断开" : "连接";StatusLabel.Text = isConnected ? "已连接" : "未连接";StatusLabel.TextColor = isConnected ? Colors.Green : Colors.Red;// 控制界面元素的启用状态PortPicker.IsEnabled = !isConnected;BaudRatePicker.IsEnabled = !isConnected;SendButton.IsEnabled = isConnected;SendEntry.IsEnabled = isConnected;});}private async void OnRefreshPortsClicked(object sender, EventArgs e){await LoadAvailablePorts();}
}

依赖注入配置

/// <summary>
/// MAUI应用程序配置
/// </summary>
public static class MauiProgram
{public static MauiApp CreateMauiApp(){var builder = MauiApp.CreateBuilder();builder.UseMauiApp<App>().ConfigureFonts(fonts =>{fonts.AddFont("OpenSans-Regular.ttf", "OpenSansRegular");});// 注册平台特定的串口服务
#if WINDOWSbuilder.Services.AddSingleton<ISerialPortService, WindowsSerialPortService>();
#elif ANDROIDbuilder.Services.AddSingleton<ISerialPortService, AndroidSerialPortService>();
#elif IOSbuilder.Services.AddSingleton<ISerialPortService, iOSSerialPortService>();
#elif MACCATALYSTbuilder.Services.AddSingleton<ISerialPortService, MacCatalystSerialPortService>();
#endif// 注册页面builder.Services.AddTransient<MainPage>();return builder.Build();}
}

相关学习资源

.NET MAUI开发

• .NET MAUI官方文档 - 微软官方MAUI开发指南
• MAUI Community Toolkit - MAUI社区工具包
• .NET MAUI Samples - 官方MAUI示例项目
• MAUI Blazor - MAUI混合应用开发

移动端开发

• Android开发者文档 - Google官方Android开发指南
• iOS开发文档 - Apple官方iOS开发文档
• Xamarin.Forms指南 - Xamarin.Forms开发文档
• Mobile DevOps - 移动应用DevOps平台

平台特定实现

• Android USB Host - Android USB主机模式
• iOS External Accessory - iOS外部配件框架
• Windows Runtime API - Windows Runtime API文档
• macOS IOKit - macOS硬件访问框架

依赖注入与架构

• Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection - .NET依赖注入
• MVVM Pattern - MVVM架构模式
• CommunityToolkit.Mvvm - MVVM工具包
• Prism Framework - 企业级MVVM框架

移动应用发布

• Google Play Console - Android应用发布平台
• App Store Connect - iOS应用发布平台
• Microsoft Store - Windows应用商店
• App Center Distribution - 应用分发服务

跨平台开发最佳实践

• Platform Behaviors - 平台集成最佳实践
• Conditional Compilation - 条件编译指令

性能优化

• MAUI Performance - MAUI性能优化指南
• Memory Management - 内存管理最佳实践
• Battery Optimization - 电池优化策略

测试与调试

• MAUI Unit Testing - MAUI单元测试
• UI Testing - UI自动化测试
• Remote Debugging - 远程调试工具
• App Center Analytics - 应用分析服务

开源项目参考

• .NET Podcasts App - 微软MAUI示例应用
• Weather MAUI App - 天气应用示例

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