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标准库转hal库

news 2025/6/15 5:57:33

（这个是跟着b站上的小蜜蜂的视频学的）

首先看差别

在嵌入式开发领域，标准库和 HAL 库是两种常见的开发资源，它们的定位和使用场景存在明显差异，下面为你详细介绍：

1. 定义与背景

  • 标准外设库（标准库）：这是早期由芯片厂商推出的开发库，它以函数和宏定义的形式呈现，对硬件寄存器进行了封装。像 STM32 标准外设库，就是针对 STM32 系列芯片的外设操作所开发的。
  • 硬件抽象层（HAL 库）：它属于高级抽象库，借助统一接口屏蔽了不同芯片间的差异。其设计理念是 “一次编写，多处运行”，例如 STM32 HAL 库就适用于该系列的多个产品线。

2. 核心差异

维度标准库HAL 库
抽象级别中等抽象，和硬件寄存器关联性强高度抽象，与具体硬件解耦
代码结构代码结构较为简单，函数命名和寄存器对应采用面向对象设计，例如HAL_GPIO_WritePin()
可移植性不同产品线间的移植需要修改大量代码能在同系列芯片间方便地移植，比如从 F4 移植到 H7
资源占用资源占用较少，适合资源受限的场景资源占用较多，包含了很多冗余代码
开发难度要熟悉硬件细节，开发难度较高对硬件细节的要求较低，开发效率更高

3. 适用场景

  • 标准库适用场景：
    • 用于资源受限的项目，像只包含 8KB Flash 的单片机项目。
    • 开发对性能要求严苛的底层驱动，例如高速通信协议。
    • 芯片厂商没有提供对应的 HAL 库支持。
  • HAL 库适用场景：
    • 应用于跨产品线的项目，例如同时支持 F1 和 L4 系列芯片的项目。
    • 用于快速原型开发，例如进行概念验证（PoC）。
    • 开发复杂的上层应用，例如带图形界面的设备。

上述出自豆包，现在来看，最大的区别在于模块的初始化用cubemx完成了更加简便，还有部分函数的使用存在区别，代码要写在begin和end之间

GPIO

要注意在图片位置去看gpio的函数，文件夹下面是生成的初始化

还是传奇点灯王

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */// HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_SET);// HAL_Delay(500);// HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET);// HAL_Delay(500);HAL_Delay(500);HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0);HAL_Delay(500);HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1);HAL_Delay(500);/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

KEY

依然delay消抖

这里宏定义的思想要学习

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#define KEY0 HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_6) 
#define KEY1 HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1) 
#define KEY2 HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4) void Delay(unsigned int t)
{while(t--);}
void Scan_Keys()
{if(KEY0==GPIO_PIN_RESET){Delay(1000);if(KEY0==GPIO_PIN_RESET){while(KEY0==GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0);}}if(KEY1==GPIO_PIN_RESET){Delay(1000);if(KEY1==GPIO_PIN_RESET){while(KEY1==GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);}}if(KEY2==GPIO_PIN_RESET){Delay(1000);if(KEY2==GPIO_PIN_RESET){while(KEY2==GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0,RESET);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1,RESET);}}
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */Scan_Keys();/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

EXTI

在标准库中，我们需要写的是IRQHandler这个函数，hal库帮我们把框架写好了，我们原来想要自定义的部分封装成了回调函数，这是个虚函数，有点类似于Java当时学的抽象函数。

中断在it里

这里使用按键触发中断

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_1){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0);}if(GPIO_Pin==GPIO_PIN_6){HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1);}}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

TIME

定时器依旧也是中断函数包含回调函数，需要重写回调函数

UART

依旧是常用函数

（其实到这里就大概明白hal库的开发流程了，首先到cube上把初始化部分配置好，然后还是去对应的.h文件看函数，然后再去主函数用，和标准库的最主要区别就在初始化）

这里串口的收发有阻塞式和非阻塞式，标准库大概是用的非阻塞式，因为配置了中断。

阻塞式就是一直等，不加it的就是阻塞式，可以去看看注释

函数基本信息

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)
  • 功能：以阻塞方式通过 UART 发送数据
  • 参数：
    • huart: UART 句柄，包含串口配置信息
    • pData: 发送缓冲区指针，可以是 uint8_t 或 uint16_t 类型
    • Size: 要发送的数据元素数量（注意不是字节数）
    • Timeout: 超时时间（毫秒）
  • 返回值：HAL 状态码（OK/ERROR/TIMEOUT 等）

关键设计思路

  1. 数据类型自适应

    uint16_t *pdata16b = (uint16_t *)pData;
     

    函数通过判断 UART 配置来决定如何解释 pData：

    • 当配置为 8 位数据时，按 uint8_t 处理
    • 当配置为 9 位数据且无校验时，按 uint16_t 处理（因为 9 位数据无法用 8 位表示）

  2. 阻塞模式实现

    while (huart->TxXferCount > 0U)
{if (UART_WaitOnFlagUntilTimeout(huart, UART_FLAG_TXE, RESET, tickstart, Timeout) != HAL_OK){return HAL_TIMEOUT;}// 发送数据的代码
}
     

    函数会循环等待，直到所有数据发送完成或超时，这就是 "阻塞模式" 的含义。

  3. 超时处理机制

    tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
while ((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) < Timeout)
{// 等待条件满足
}
     

    通过记录开始时间并不断检查当前时间，实现超时控制，避免无限等待。

  4. 直接操作 UART 数据寄存器来发送数据，这是与硬件交互的关键部分。

只能说大家还是要学会使用ai来学习提高自己的效率

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#define LED0_ON()  	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define LED0_OFF() 	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define LED1_ON()  	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define LED1_OFF() 	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET)uint8_t Tx_str1[]="hello world!\r\n";
uint8_t Tx_str2[]="LED1 Open!\r\n";
uint8_t Tx_str3[]="LED1 Closed!\r\n";
uint8_t Rx_data=0;
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart->Instance==USART1){if(Rx_data==0xa1){LED0_ON();LED1_OFF();HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,Tx_str1,sizeof(Tx_str2),10000);LED1_ON();	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,&Rx_data,1);}else if(Rx_data==0xa2){LED0_OFF();LED1_OFF();HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,Tx_str1,sizeof(Tx_str3),10000);LED1_ON();	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,&Rx_data,1);}}}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */LED0_OFF();HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,Tx_str1,sizeof(Tx_str1),10000);LED0_ON();	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,&Rx_data,1);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

ADC

依旧常用函数

这里也是有阻塞和非阻塞

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "adc.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
#include "stdio.h"
#define LED_ON() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define LED_OFF() HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1,GPIO_PIN_RESET)uint16_t ADC_Value=0,ADC_Voit=0;
uint8_t str_buff[64];void UR1_Send_Info()
{sprintf((char*)str_buff,"采样值：%d 电压值：%d.%d%dV\r\n",ADC_Value,ADC_Voit/100,(ADC_Voit%100)/10,ADC_Voit%10);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,str_buff,sizeof(str_buff),10000);}void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)
{if(hadc->Instance==ADC1){ADC_Value=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);ADC_Value=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);ADC_Voit=ADC_Value*3300/4096;LED_OFF();}}//void ADC0_Get_Value()
//{
//	HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
//	LED_ON();
//	if(HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1,10)==HAL_OK)
//	{
//		ADC_Value=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
//		ADC_Voit=ADC_Value*3300/4096;
//	}
//	UR1_Send_Info();
//	LED_OFF();
//	HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
//}/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC1_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */LED_ON();HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc1);HAL_Delay(500);/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_ADC;PeriphClkInit.AdcClockSelection = RCC_ADCPCLK2_DIV2;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

总结

首先，程序可能实现不了想要实现的功能，因为没认真写，而且不知道为什么程序烧不进去，还有只是为了熟悉这个流程，标准库的后续会把江协的看完并写成博客

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