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junit单元测试

java 2025/8/20 7:40:17

单元测试

用main方法测试，如果一个方法报错，其他全部都不能进行测试了

引用junit

主程序代码

package com.itheima;import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;public class UserService {/*** 给定一个身份证号, 计算出该用户的年龄* @param idCard 身份证号*/public Integer getAge(String idCard){if (idCard == null || idCard.length() != 18) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("无效的身份证号码");}String birthday = idCard.substring(6, 14);LocalDate parse = LocalDate.parse(birthday, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd"));return Period.between(parse, LocalDate.now()).getYears();}/*** 给定一个身份证号, 计算出该用户的性别* @param idCard 身份证号*/public String getGender(String idCard){if (idCard == null || idCard.length() != 18) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("无效的身份证号码");}return Integer.parseInt(idCard.substring(16,17)) % 2 == 1 ? "男" : "女";}}

测试代码

package com.itheima;import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;/*** 测试类*/
@DisplayName("用户信息测试类")
public class UserServiceTest {/*@BeforeAll //在所有的单元测试方法运行之前, 运行一次public static void beforeAll(){System.out.println("before All");}@AfterAll //在所有的单元测试方法运行之后, 运行一次public static void afterAll(){System.out.println("after All");}@BeforeEach //在每一个单元测试方法运行之前, 都会运行一次public void beforeEach(){System.out.println("before Each");}@AfterEach //在每一个单元测试方法运行之后, 都会运行一次public void afterEach(){System.out.println("after Each");}*/@Testpublic void testGetAge(){UserService userService = new UserService();Integer age = userService.getAge("100000200010011011");System.out.println(age);}@Testpublic void testGetGender(){UserService userService = new UserService();String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");System.out.println(gender);}/*** 断言*/@Testpublic void testGenderWithAssert(){UserService userService = new UserService();String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");//断言//Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender);Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender, "性别获取错误有问题");}/*** 断言*/@Testpublic void testGenderWithAssert2(){UserService userService = new UserService();//断言Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {userService.getGender(null);});}/*** 参数化测试*/@DisplayName("测试用户性别")@ParameterizedTest@ValueSource(strings = {"100000200010011011","100000200010011031","100000200010011051"})public void testGetGender2(String idCard){UserService userService = new UserService();String gender = userService.getGender(idCard);//断言Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender);}
}

规定必须执行，规范不是

身份证倒数第二位为奇数：男性偶数：女性

注意：并不是说运行到是绿色就说明代码没错。想要判断逻辑有没有错误需要用到断言

断言

用了断言后，运行是绿色才说明是正确的代码

    /*** 断言*/@Testpublic void testGenderWithAssert(){UserService userService = new UserService();String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");//断言//Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender);Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender, "性别获取错误有问题");}

加上msg提示信息前后区别

        //断言//Assertions.assertThrows(你期望抛出的异常类型.class，() ->{//   类名.方法名(你抛出的异常结果)// })

常见注解

参数化注解：只定义一个测试方法就可以完成一批数据的测试

    /*** 参数化测试*/@DisplayName("测试用户性别")@ParameterizedTest@ValueSource(strings = {"100000200010011011","100000200010011031","100000200010011051"})public void testGetGender2(String idCard){UserService userService = new UserService();String gender = userService.getGender(idCard);//断言Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender);}