lamp搭建
lamp
1. lamp简介
有了前面学习的知识的铺垫，今天可以来学习下第一个常用的web架构了。
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2. web服务器工作流程
在说lamp架构平台的搭建前，我们先来了解下什么是CGI，什么是FastCGI，什么是…
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端呢？下面通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求
如上图所示
阶段①显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段②显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由Php语言写成的程序可以与mysql进行数据交互。同理perl和python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互
2.1 cgi与fastcgi
上图阶段①中提到了FastCGI，下面我们来了解下CGI与FastCGI。
CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
2.2 httpd与php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：
modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信
较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源
2.3 web工作流程
通过上面的图说明一下web的工作流程：
客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。
3. lamp平台构建
环境说明：
|
lamp平台软件安装次序：
httpd --> mysql --> php
注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
3.1 安装httpd
//YUM源配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo CentOS-Stream-ResilientStorage.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-NFV.repo CentOS-Stream-Sources.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time CurrentDload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2495 100 2495 0 0 11238 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 11238
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y wget vim
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 509 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:09
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 31 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 352 kB/s | 8.4 MB 00:24
Package wget-1.19.5-10.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-16.el8_5.7.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!安装epel
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo CentOS-Stream-ResilientStorage.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-NFV.repo CentOS-Stream-Sources.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:38 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:07:49 2022.
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 53 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:epel-release noarch 8-16.el8 @commandline 24 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install 1 PackageTotal size: 24 k
Installed size: 34 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionPreparing : 1/1 Installing : epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1 Running scriptlet: epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1
Many EPEL packages require the CodeReady Builder (CRB) repository.
It is recommended that you run /usr/bin/crb enable to enable the CRB repository.Verifying : epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1 Installed:epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# //安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo CentOS-Stream-ResilientStorage.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-NFV.repo CentOS-Stream-Sources.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:38 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:07:49 2022.
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 53 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:epel-release noarch 8-16.el8 @commandline 24 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 360 kB/s | 13 MB 00:35
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 220 kB/s | 1.0 MB 00:04
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:03 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:14:31 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing Groups:Development Tools Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r apache
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=975(apache) gid=974(apache) groups=974(apache)//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ --allowerasing
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:29 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:14:31 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
//下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 debug kernels
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# 解压，先解压依赖包在解压主包
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5/
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ls
CHANGES README apr.pc.in config.layout file_io locks random time
CMakeLists.txt README.cmake apr.spec configure helpers memory shmem tools
LICENSE apr-config.in atomic configure.in include misc strings user
Makefile.in apr.dep build docs libapr.dep mmap support
Makefile.win apr.dsp build-outputs.mk dso libapr.dsp network_io tables
NOTICE apr.dsw build.conf emacs-mode libapr.mak passwd test
NWGNUmakefile apr.mak buildconf encoding libapr.rc poll threadproc
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure解压安装包
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
cfgfile="${ofile}T"trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行
配置过程
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
config.status: executing default commands
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr编译安装过程
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /usr/src/apr-1.6.5/build/apr_common.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /usr/src/apr-1.6.5/build/find_apr.m4 /usr/local/apr/build-1
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install解压apr-util
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating export_vars.sh
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-util.pc
config.status: creating apu-1-config
config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h
config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h
config.status: creating include/apu.h
config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr编译安装过程
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install//编译安装httpd
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.38
-bash: cd: httpd-2.4.38: No such file or directory
[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork编译安装过程
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/apache/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/httpd-2.4.54'
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install//安装后配置
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config//取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# //启动apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# which apachectl
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# cat httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
#3.2 安装mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.6.5 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.54.tar.bz2
apr-1.6.5.tar.bz2 debug kernels
apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz//创建用户和组
[root@localhost src]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar xfs mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 30 14:35 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 26 18:20 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 30 14:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=974(mysql) groups=974(mysql)
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 30 14:35 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Jul 26 18:35 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 26 18:20 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 30 14:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 26 18:35 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//把原文件也改一下
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Jun 30 14:35 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 26 18:35 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Jul 26 18:20 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jun 30 14:35 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 22 2021 src//添加环境变量
[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin ' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# echo $PSTH[root@localhost mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost mysql]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll /usr/include/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 34 Jun 30 14:40 gnome-boxes
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Jul 26 18:45 mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 27 Jun 30 14:36 python3.6m
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
LICENSE README bin docs include lib man share support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
~
~
[root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig
[root@localhost mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
找到这行添加下面一行东西
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
#---------------------------------------------------------
//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost mysql]# ll -d /opt/data
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 26 18:51 /opt/data
[root@localhost mysql]# //初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2022-07-26T10:55:54.471606Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-26T10:55:54.676138Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-26T10:55:54.705693Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-26T10:55:54.710232Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8593b802-0cd1-11ed-a041-000c29087110.
2022-07-26T10:55:54.710845Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-26T10:55:55.672624Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T10:55:55.672650Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-26T10:55:55.673043Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-26T10:55:56.093853Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: yr1H3ent#6kn
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'yr1H3ent#6kn' > pass
[root@localhost ~]# cat pass
yr1H3ent#6kn//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是yr1H3ent#6kn
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，你的不会跟我一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到
//生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
sql-mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION//配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic mysql-log-rotate mysql.server mysqld_multi.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting//启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 190654 1 0 19:22 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 190899 190654 0 19:22 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 192393 8009 0 19:22 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --listNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off使用systemctl去启动MySQL服务
[root@localhost system]# vim mysql.service
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service mysql.service
[root@localhost system]# vim mysql.service
[root@localhost system]# vim mysql.service
[root@localhost system]# cat mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=mysqld server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
第一次登录会显示以下问题，需要下载ncurses-compat-libs
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost mysql]# yum whatprovides libncurses.so.5
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 1:39:44 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo : base
Matched from:
Provide : libncurses.so.5[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 1:40:02 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================
Installing:ncurses-compat-libs x86_64 6.1-9.20180224.el8 base 328 kTransaction Summary
================================================================================================================
Install 1 PackageTotal download size: 328 k
Installed size: 1.0 M
Downloading Packages:
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 328 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.2 MB/s | 328 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionPreparing : 1/1 Installing : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 1/1 Installed:ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64 Complete![root@localhost mysql]# cat pass
m:wCpfGlr8tw
[root@localhost mysql]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> 3.3 安装php
//配置yum源
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd --skip-broken
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 1:51:13 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
Package libxml2-2.9.7-11.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package openssl-1:1.1.1k-5.el8_5.x86_64 is already installed.
Package openssl-devel-1:1.1.1k-5.el8_5.x86_64 is already installed.
Package bzip2-1.0.6-26.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libcurl-7.61.1-22.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libjpeg-turbo-1.5.3-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libpng-2:1.6.34-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package pcre-devel-8.42-6.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package freetype-2.9.1-4.el8_3.1.x86_64 is already installed.
Package gmp-1:6.1.2-10.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package readline-7.0-10.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package libxslt-1.1.32-6.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.下载php并解压
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
--2022-08-02 18:49:35-- https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
Resolving www.php.net (www.php.net)... 185.85.0.29, 2a02:cb40:200::1ad
Connecting to www.php.net (www.php.net)|185.85.0.29|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10419136 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'php-7.4.30.tar.xz'php-7.4.30.tar.xz 100%[===========================================>] 9.94M 34.3KB/s in 3m 15s 2022-08-02 18:52:51 (52.2 KB/s) - 'php-7.4.30.tar.xz' saved [10419136/10419136][root@localhost src]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7.4.30/
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# 编译安装php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> > --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> > --enable-fpm \
> > --enable-inline-optimization \
> > --disable-debug \
> > --disable-rpath \
> > --enable-shared \
> > --enable-soap \
> > --with-openssl \
> > --enable-bcmath \
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --with-iconv \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-calendar \
> --with-curl \
> --enable-exif \
> --enable-ftp \
> --enable-gd \
> --with-jpeg \
> --with-zlib-dir \
> --with-freetype \
> --with-gettext \
> --enable-json \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-pdo \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --with-readline \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-simplexml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --with-zip \
> --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
> --with-pear \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-posix遇到以下问题的解决方法
1
configure: error: Package requirements (libxml-2.0 >= 2.7.6) were not met:
Package ‘libxml-2.0’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found解决方案
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum install libxml2-devel -y
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 2:04:20 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
Package libxml2-devel-2.9.7-9.el8_4.2.i686 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.2
configure: error: Package requirements (sqlite3 > 3.7.4) were not met:
Package ‘sqlite3’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found解决方案
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install sqlite-devel
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 2:05:34 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
Dependencies resolved.3
configure: error: Package requirements (oniguruma) were not met:
Package ‘oniguruma’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found解决方案
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 2:07:03 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 179 kB/s | 47 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.4
configure: error: Package requirements (libzip >= 0.11 libzip != 1.3.1 libzip != 1.7.0) were not met:
Package ‘libzip’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found
Package ‘libzip’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found
Package ‘libzip’, required by ‘virtual:world’, not found解决方案
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# yum -y install sqlite-devel
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 2:05:34 ago on Tue Aug 2 16:53:29 2022.
Dependencies resolved.然后在执行编译安装然后就成功了
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+Thank you for using PHP.[root@localhost php-7.4.30]#
继续编译安装
warning: pear/PEAR dependency package "pear/Archive_Tar" installed version 1.4.14 is not the recommended version 1.4.4
[PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.13
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php7/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php7/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/usr/src/php-7.4.30/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar.phar
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make && make install配置环境变量
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php7/bin" > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ln -s /usr/local/php7/include/ /usr/include/php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# echo "/usr/local/php7/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php.conf
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 2 2022 19:13:04) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
[root@localhost system]# cat php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=php-fpm server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:*
启动php-fpm
#配置apache
启用代理模块
在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑httpd.conf文件，取消以下两行内容的注释:
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
//启用httpd的相关模块
[root@localhost system]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost system]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf3.4.2 配置虚拟主机
在需要使用fcgi的虚拟主机中添加类似如下两行：
ProxyRequests Off //关闭正向代理
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1
例如：ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/html/idfsoft.com/$1
以上设置表示把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程，php-fpm至少需要知道运行的目录和URI，所以这里直接在fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000后指明了这两个参数，其它参数的传递已经被mod_proxy_fcgi.so进行了封装，不需要手动指定。
注意：
这里写的/var/www/html/是yum源安装方式生成的网页存放目录，这里必须改成你编译安装指定的网页存放路径，禁止直接复制我这里的路径
这里的idfsoft.com是域名，你必须改成你所使用的域名，禁止直接复制此处的域名
这里的$1表示匹配所有以.php结尾的http请求
//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zhan.com
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zhan.com/index.php <<EOF
<?phpphpinfo();
?>
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 3 apache apache 44 Aug 16 14:50 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zhan.com"ServerName www.zhan.comProxyRequests OffProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zhan.com/$1<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zhan.com">Options noneAllowOverride noneRequire all granted</Directory>
</VirtualHost> //搜索AddType，添加以下内容
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:#AddType application/x-compress .ZAddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgzAddType application/x-httpd-php .php #添加此行AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps #添加此行[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
[root@localhost system]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 32 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 5 [::1]:631 [::]:* 3.5 验证
1.修改/etc/hosts文件，添加域名与IP的映射
2.在浏览器上使用域名访问，若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功，否则请检查你的操作
