WSL 安装 Debian 后,apt get 如何更改到国内镜像网址?
提问:Debian apt install 如何更改到国内镜像网址?
在 Debian 系统中,你可以通过修改 /etc/apt/sources.list
文件,将软件源更改为国内镜像网址,以加快软件包的下载速度。下面为你详细介绍操作步骤:
1. 备份原配置文件
在修改配置文件之前,为了避免出现问题,建议先对原有的 sources.list
文件进行备份。在终端中执行以下命令:sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. 选择国内镜像源
常见的国内镜像源有阿里云、清华大学、中科大等,以下是不同镜像源对应的配置信息:
阿里云镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
注意,上述配置中的 bullseye
是 Debian 11 的代号,如果你使用的是其他版本的 Debian,需要将 bullseye
替换为对应版本的代号,如 Debian 12 的代号是 bookworm
。
清华大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
中国科学技术大学镜像源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
3. 编辑 sources.list
文件
使用文本编辑器(如 nano
或 vi
)打开 sources.list
文件:
$ sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
将文件中的原有内容删除,然后粘贴你选择的镜像源配置信息。
4. 保存并退出
在 nano
编辑器中,按下 Ctrl + X
,然后按 Y
确认保存,最后按 Enter
退出编辑器。
5. 更新软件包列表
修改完软件源后,需要更新软件包列表,让系统使用新的镜像源:
$ sudo apt update
经过以上步骤,你就成功将 Debian 的软件源更改为国内镜像源了。后续使用 apt install
命令安装软件时,下载速度会明显提升。
$ sudo apt install build-essential
安装成功。
$ sudo apt install tcc
安装成功。
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:tcc
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 13 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/293 kB of archives.
After this operation, 833 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package tcc.
(Reading database ... 19324 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../tcc_0.9.27+git20200814.62c30a4a-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking tcc (0.9.27+git20200814.62c30a4a-1) ...
Setting up tcc (0.9.27+git20200814.62c30a4a-1) ...
$ pwd
$ which gcc
$ which g++
$ which make
$ which tcc
$ tcc -run fib_bigint.c 10000
提问:在 Win 10 上安装了 Debian , 请问:Debian 具体安装目录在哪里?
在 Windows 10 上通过 WSL 安装 Debian 后,其文件系统位于 Windows 的特定目录下,具体路径为:C:\Users\<用户名>\AppData\Local\Packages\TheDebianProject.DebianGNULinux_76v4gfsz19hv4\LocalState\rootfs
其中,<用户名>是你登录 Windows 系统的用户名。在这个 rootfs 目录下,就是 Debian 系统的根目录 /,其下包含了 bin、boot、etc、home、lib 等所有的 Debian 系统目录和文件。