Windows下使用 VS Code + g++ 开发 Qt GUI 项目的完整指南

🚀 使用 VS Code + g++ 开发 Qt GUI 项目的完整指南（Windows + MSYS2）

本指南帮助你在 Windows 下使用 VS Code + g++ + CMake + Qt6 快速搭建 Qt GUI 项目，适合熟悉 Visual Studio 的开发者向跨平台 VS Code 工具链迁移。

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🛠️ 一、环境准备

1. 安装 MSYS2

• 官网：https://www.msys2.org
• 初始化更新（MSYS2 MSYS 终端）：

  pacman -Syu
  

2. 安装 Qt 和工具链（在 MinGW64 终端中）：

pacman -S \mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain \mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-base \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-tools \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-declarative \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-svg \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-shadertools \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-multimedia \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-translations

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📁 二、项目目录结构

QtGuiApp/
│
├── .vscode/
│   ├── c_cpp_properties.json     # IntelliSense
│   ├── tasks.json                # 构建任务
│   ├── launch.json               # 调试配置
│
├── build/                        # 构建输出目录
├── CMakeLists.txt                # CMake 配置
├── main.cpp                      # 主程序
├── mainwindow.cpp / .h / .ui     # Qt 主窗口

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⚙️ 三、CMake 配置 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(QtGuiApp LANGUAGES CXX)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)add_executable(QtGuiAppmain.cppmainwindow.cppmainwindow.hmainwindow.ui
)target_link_libraries(QtGuiApp PRIVATE Qt6::Widgets)

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💡 四、VS Code 配置

1. IntelliSense .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win32","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","C:/msys64/mingw64/include","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/14.2.0","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/14.2.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6/QtWidgets","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6/QtCore"],"defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE"],"compilerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

2. 构建与运行任务 .vscode/tasks.json

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "CMake Configure","type": "shell","command": "cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja","group": "build"},{"label": "CMake Build","type": "shell","command": "cmake --build build","group": "build","dependsOn": ["CMake Configure"]},{"label": "Run Executable","type": "shell","command": ".\\build\\QtGuiApp.exe","group": {"kind": "test","isDefault": true},"dependsOn": ["CMake Build"]}]
}

3. 调试配置 .vscode/launch.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "Debug Qt App","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/QtGuiApp.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]
}

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📦 五、使用 windeployqt 打包 Qt GUI 应用

在 MSYS2 MinGW64 终端中，使用以下命令将 Qt 依赖复制到可执行文件目录：

cd build
windeployqt QtGuiApp.exe

该命令会自动将 Qt DLL、平台插件、SVG 模块等复制至当前目录，生成可独立运行的 .exe 包。

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🔍 六、Visual Studio 与 VS Code 使用差异对比

特性	Visual Studio	VS Code + g++ + CMake
工程结构	.sln, .vcxproj 图形化工程	CMakeLists.txt 构建系统
编译器	MSVC	g++ (MinGW64 from MSYS2)
构建方式	菜单或按钮自动构建	tasks.json 自定义任务/命令行构建
调试器	内建 VS 调试器	gdb + launch.json 配置调试
跨平台	Windows 为主	跨平台：Windows / Linux / macOS
UI 设计工具	Qt Designer 插件或内嵌	独立 Qt Designer（.ui 文件）

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✅ 附：检查 g++ 支持的 C++ 标准版本

g++ -std=c++17 -dM -E - < nul | findstr __cplusplus

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