在Linux中部署tomcat
tomcat
tomcatA
[root@tomcatA ~]# dnf install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 -y#从网上下载tomcat包,然后解包即可
[root@tomcatA ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz
[root@tomcatA ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcatA ~]# cd /usr/local/#重命名目录名(不是必须)
[root@tomcatA local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.107/ tomcat
[root@tomcatA local]# cd tomcat/
[root@tomcatA tomcat]# ls
bin BUILDING.txt conf CONTRIBUTING.md lib LICENSE logs NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work
[root@tomcatA tomcat]# cd bin/
[root@tomcatA bin]# ls
bootstrap.jar ciphers.sh daemon.sh setclasspath.bat startup.sh version.bat
catalina.bat commons-daemon.jar digest.bat setclasspath.sh tomcat-juli.jar version.sh
catalina.sh commons-daemon-native.tar.gz digest.sh shutdown.bat tomcat-native.tar.gz
catalina-tasks.xml configtest.bat makebase.bat shutdown.sh tool-wrapper.bat
ciphers.bat configtest.sh makebase.sh startup.bat tool-wrapper.sh
[root@tomcatA bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin /tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.[root@tomcatA bin]# netstat -antlupe | grep 80
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 0 58326 30388/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0 58314 30388/java
测试访问
tomcatB
[root@tomcatB ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz
[root@tomcatB ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.107.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcatB ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcatB local]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.107 etc include lib64 sbin src
bin games lib libexec share
[root@tomcatB local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.107/ tomcat
[root@tomcatB local]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src tomcat
[root@tomcatB local]# cd tomcat/
[root@tomcatB tomcat]# cd bin/
[root@tomcatB bin]# ./startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
Tomcat started.[root@tomcatB bin]# ss -tunlp | grep 80
tcp LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:* users:(("java",pid=30153,fd=67))
tcp LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:* users:(("java",pid=30153,fd=57))
制作启动文件
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
JAVA_HOME=/etc/alternatives/jre
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target[root@tomcatA ~]# useradd -s /bin/false -M tomcat
[root@tomcatB ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M tomcat
[root@tomcatA ~]# chown tomcat.tomcat -R /usr/local/tomcat/[root@tomcatA/B ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin/
[root@tomcatA/B bin]# ./shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:[root@tomcatA/B bin]# netstat -antlupe | grep java
[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl enable --now tomcat
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - TomcatLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-07-30 11:27:04 CST; 9s agoProcess: 30951 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 30960 (java)Tasks: 32 (limit: 22964)Memory: 110.2MCPU: 1.751sCGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service└─30960 /etc/alternatives/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.uti>Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA startup.sh[30951]: Tomcat started.
Jul 30 11:27:04 tomcatA systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
[root@tomcatB bin]# systemctl enable tomcat.service --now
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@tomcatB bin]# systemctl status tomcat.service
● tomcat.service - TomcatLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2025-07-30 11:28:26 CST; 6s agoProcess: 30615 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 30623 (java)Tasks: 32 (limit: 22964)Memory: 109.2MCPU: 1.842sCGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service└─30623 /etc/alternatives/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager>Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB startup.sh[30615]: Tomcat started.
Jul 30 11:28:26 tomcatB systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
单机
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
[root@tomcatB ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@tomcatA ~]# systemctl disable firewalld --now
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
server {listen 80;server_name www.vb.org;location ~ \.jsp$ {proxy_pass http://172.25.254.10:8080;}}
多机负载均衡
ip_hash
虽然对于ip进行哈希也能做到负载均衡,但是要考虑到对ip进行哈希时,可能存在由一个路由上携带同一ip集中统一多用户需求
hash $cookie_JSESSIONID — 基于cookie值的会话保持
所以对于ip哈希进行改进,我们可以观察到cookie值是会统一发放的,而且是唯一的,并且我们还可以结合JSESSIONID进行会话绑定。
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf
upstream tomcat{hash $cookie_JSESSIONID;server 172.25.254.10:8080;server 172.25.254.20:8080;
}
server {listen 80;server_name www.vb.org;location ~ \.jsp$ {#proxy_pass http://172.25.254.10:8080;proxy_pass http://tomcat;}
}
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# unzip jar.zip
Archive: jar.zipcreating: jar/inflating: jar/asm-5.2.jarinflating: jar/kryo-3.0.3.jarinflating: jar/kryo-serializers-0.45.jarinflating: jar/memcached-session-manager-2.3.2.jarinflating: jar/memcached-session-manager-tc9-2.3.2.jarinflating: jar/minlog-1.3.1.jarinflating: jar/msm-kryo-serializer-2.3.2.jarinflating: jar/objenesis-2.6.jarinflating: jar/reflectasm-1.11.9.jarinflating: jar/spymemcached-2.12.3.jar
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# mv jar/* /usr/local/tomcat/lib/
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl restart tomcat.service
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl status tomcat.service
交叉存储memcache
解决当用户正在访问时,用户的session绑定的服务器下线时,避免在nginx调配去另一服务器时,用户提交的表格信息等丢失或清空。
在tomcatA/B主机上
都要下载memcached
并且配置memcached的配置文件
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# dnf install memcached -y
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1"
[root@tomcatA/B ~]# systemctl restart memcached.service
在tomcatA服务器1中配置
[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml
<Context><!-- Default set of monitored resources. If one of these changes, the --><!-- web application will be reloaded. --><WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource><WatchedResource>WEB-INF/tomcat-web.xml</WatchedResource><WatchedResource>${catalina.base}/conf/web.xml</WatchedResource><!-- Uncomment this to disable session persistence across Tomcat restarts --><!--<Manager pathname="" />--><Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"memcachedNodes="n1:172.25.254.10:11211,n2:172.25.254.20:11211"failoverNodes="n1"requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory"/>
</Context>
[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml
我们关闭10上的tomcat来模拟10主机下线
然后当我们在浏览器继续提交表格信息时,会自动切换到20主机上并且还会读取到之前用户填写的信息。
"
requestUriIgnorePattern=“.*.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$”
transcoderFactoryClass=“de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory”
/>
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[root@tomcatA ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/context.xml
[外链图片转存中...(img-zBcHB7y2-1754927283647)]我们关闭10上的tomcat来模拟10主机下线然后当我们在浏览器继续提交表格信息时,会自动切换到20主机上并且还会读取到之前用户填写的信息。[外链图片转存中...(img-KJjgsubf-1754927283647)]