当前位置：首页 > ai >正文

Java对象克隆：从浅到深的奥秘

ai 2025/7/18 3:23:18

浅克隆与深克隆在Java中的应用及区别

核心概念

浅克隆
复制对象时仅克隆基本数据类型字段，引用类型字段共享原对象引用。实现方式：

class Person implements Cloneable {String name;Address address; // 引用类型字段@Overrideprotected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {return super.clone(); // 默认浅克隆}
}class Address {String city;
}

2.深克隆
完全独立复制对象及其关联对象：

class DeepPerson implements Cloneable {String name;Address address;@Overrideprotected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {DeepPerson cloned = (DeepPerson) super.clone();cloned.address = new Address(); // 新建独立地址对象cloned.address.city = this.address.city;return cloned;}
}

应用场景对比

特性	浅克隆	深克隆
内存消耗	低（共享引用）	高（创建新对象）
数据隔离性	弱（修改影响原对象）	强（完全隔离）
实现复杂度	简单（自动实现）	复杂（需递归处理）
适用场景	不可变对象/简单结构	复杂对象层级/需要隔离修改

深度克隆进阶实现

序列化方案（需实现Serializable接口）

import java.io.*;class SerialCloneable implements Serializable {public Object deepClone() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {oos.writeObject(this);try (ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis)) {return ois.readObject();}}}
}

2.嵌套对象克隆测试

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 浅克隆测试Address addr = new Address("Beijing");Person original = new Person("Alice", addr);Person cloned = (Person) original.clone();cloned.address.city = "Shanghai";System.out.println(original.address.city); // 输出"Shanghai"// 深克隆测试DeepPerson deepOriginal = new DeepPerson("Bob", new Address("Guangzhou"));DeepPerson deepClone = (DeepPerson) deepOriginal.clone();deepClone.address.city = "Shenzhen";System.out.println(deepOriginal.address.city); // 保持"Guangzhou"
}