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浅谈ggplot2图表美化～

java 2025/8/1 19:54:29

众所周知ggplot2的默认出图很丑，今天就以一个散点图为例，浅浅的说一下如何一步步美化。

关键修改见代码中的中文注释！

第1步、默认出图

ggplot(tips_data, # 指定数据集aes(x = total_bill, # 指定x轴变量y = tip # 指定y轴变量)
) +geom_point() # 绘制散点图

第2步、指定shape

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex # 按照性别指定不同的shape)
) +geom_point()

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex)
) +geom_point() +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24)) # 个性化shape的形状为空圆和空三角

第3步、指定颜色

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex,fill = sex # 按照性别sex为点上色)
) +geom_point() +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24))

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex,fill = sex)
) +geom_point() +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24)) +scale_fill_manual(values = custom_colors1) #自定义颜色

第4步、美化点

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex,fill = sex)
) +geom_point(alpha = 0.8, # 设置点的透明度size = 3, # 设置点的大小stroke = 0.2 # 设置点边框的粗细) +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24)) +scale_fill_manual(values = custom_colors1)

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex,fill = sex)
) +geom_point(alpha = 0.8,size = 3,stroke = 0.2) +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24)) +scale_fill_manual(values = custom_colors1) +scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "black")) # 给点边框加上颜色

第5步、最后的美化

ggplot(tips_data,aes(x = total_bill,y = tip,shape = sex,fill = sex)
) +geom_point(alpha = 0.8,size = 3,stroke = 0.2) +scale_shape_manual(values = c(21, 24)) +scale_fill_manual(values = custom_colors1) +scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "black")) +theme(text = element_text(family = "Helvetica", size = 12), # 字体为Helvetica，字号为12axis.title = element_text(size = 12), # 坐标轴标题大小axis.text = element_text(size = 12), # 坐标轴刻度大小axis.line = element_line(linewidth = 0.2, color = "black"), # 坐标轴线条axis.ticks = element_line(linewidth = 0.2, color = "black"), # 坐标轴刻度线panel.background = element_blank(), # 去除背景panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "gray90", linewidth = 0.1), # 主网格线panel.grid.minor = element_blank(), # 次网格线plot.title = element_text(size = 14, hjust = 0.5), # 标题居中plot.margin = margin(10, 10, 10, 10) # 图形边距)