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生成图片验证码

java 2025/8/10 23:01:11

这里记录下图片验证码的生成，方便日后自己回忆。

图片工具类

/*** 图片验证码工具类** @author xiongxiaoyang* @date 2022/5/17*/
@UtilityClass
public class ImgVerifyCodeUtils {/*** 随机产生只有数字的字符串*/private final String randNumber = "0123456789";/*** 图片宽*/private final int width = 100;/*** 图片高*/private final int height = 38;private final Random random = new Random();/*** 获得字体*/private Font getFont() {return new Font("Fixed", Font.PLAIN, 23);}/*** 生成校验码图片*/public String genVerifyCodeImg(String verifyCode) throws IOException {// BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//图片大小g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);//字体大小//字体颜色g.setColor(new Color(204, 204, 204));// 绘制干扰线// 干扰线数量int lineSize = 40;for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) {drawLine(g);}// 绘制随机字符drawString(g, verifyCode);g.dispose();//将图片转换成Base64字符串ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", stream);return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(stream.toByteArray());}/*** 绘制字符串*/private void drawString(Graphics g, String verifyCode) {for (int i = 1; i <= verifyCode.length(); i++) {g.setFont(getFont());g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random.nextInt(121)));g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3));g.drawString(String.valueOf(verifyCode.charAt(i - 1)), 13 * i, 23);}}/*** 绘制干扰线*/private void drawLine(Graphics g) {int x = random.nextInt(width);int y = random.nextInt(height);int xl = random.nextInt(13);int yl = random.nextInt(15);g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);}/*** 获取随机的校验码*/public String getRandomVerifyCode(int num) {int randNumberSize = randNumber.length();StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder();for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {String rand = String.valueOf(randNumber.charAt(random.nextInt(randNumberSize)));verifyCode.append(rand);}return verifyCode.toString();}}

验证码管理类

/*** 验证码 管理类** @author xiongxiaoyang* @date 2022/5/12*/
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class VerifyCodeManager {private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;/*** 生成图形验证码，并放入 Redis 中*/public String genImgVerifyCode(String sessionId) throws IOException {String verifyCode = ImgVerifyCodeUtils.getRandomVerifyCode(4);String img = ImgVerifyCodeUtils.genVerifyCodeImg(verifyCode);stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(CacheConsts.IMG_VERIFY_CODE_CACHE_KEY + sessionId, verifyCode, Duration.ofMinutes(5));return img;}/*** 校验图形验证码*/public boolean imgVerifyCodeOk(String sessionId, String verifyCode) {return Objects.equals(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(CacheConsts.IMG_VERIFY_CODE_CACHE_KEY + sessionId), verifyCode);}/*** 从 Redis 中删除验证码*/public void removeImgVerifyCode(String sessionId) {stringRedisTemplate.delete(CacheConsts.IMG_VERIFY_CODE_CACHE_KEY + sessionId);}

Service层


/*** 资源（图片/视频/文档）相关服务类** @author xiongxiaoyang* @date 2022/5/17*/
public interface ResourceService {/*** 获取图片验证码** @throws IOException 验证码图片生成失败* @return Base64编码的图片*/RestResp<ImgVerifyCodeRespDto> getImgVerifyCode() throws IOException;/*** 图片上传* @param file 需要上传的图片* @return 图片访问路径* */RestResp<String> uploadImage(MultipartFile file);
}

Service实现类


/*** 资源（图片/视频/文档）相关服务实现类** @author xiongxiaoyang* @date 2022/5/17*/
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class ResourceServiceImpl implements ResourceService {private final VerifyCodeManager verifyCodeManager;@Value("${novel.file.upload.path}")private String fileUploadPath;@Overridepublic RestResp<ImgVerifyCodeRespDto> getImgVerifyCode() throws IOException {String sessionId = IdWorker.get32UUID();return RestResp.ok(ImgVerifyCodeRespDto.builder().sessionId(sessionId).img(verifyCodeManager.genImgVerifyCode(sessionId)).build());}@SneakyThrows@Overridepublic RestResp<String> uploadImage(MultipartFile file) {LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();String savePath =SystemConfigConsts.IMAGE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY+ now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy")) + File.separator+ now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("MM")) + File.separator+ now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd"));String oriName = file.getOriginalFilename();assert oriName != null;String saveFileName = IdWorker.get32UUID() + oriName.substring(oriName.lastIndexOf("."));File saveFile = new File(fileUploadPath + savePath, saveFileName);if (!saveFile.getParentFile().exists()) {boolean isSuccess = saveFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();if (!isSuccess) {throw new BusinessException(ErrorCodeEnum.USER_UPLOAD_FILE_ERROR);}}file.transferTo(saveFile);if (Objects.isNull(ImageIO.read(saveFile))) {// 上传的文件不是图片Files.delete(saveFile.toPath());throw new BusinessException(ErrorCodeEnum.USER_UPLOAD_FILE_TYPE_NOT_MATCH);}return RestResp.ok(savePath + File.separator + saveFileName);}}

Controller层

/*** 前台门户-资源(图片/视频/文档)模块 API 控制器** @author xiongxiaoyang* @date 2022/5/17*/
@Tag(name = "ResourceController", description = "前台门户-资源模块")
@RestController
@RequestMapping(ApiRouterConsts.API_FRONT_RESOURCE_URL_PREFIX)
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ResourceController {private final ResourceService resourceService;/*** 获取图片验证码接口*/@Operation(summary = "获取图片验证码接口")@GetMapping("img_verify_code")public RestResp<ImgVerifyCodeRespDto> getImgVerifyCode() throws IOException {return resourceService.getImgVerifyCode();}}