windows服务器下自启动后台运行python脚本

前言

最近有个需求，在windows下根据系统的cpu核数，运行python脚本，记录下在windows注册服务，后台运行python脚本

✅ 一、目录结构（示例）

C:\workspace\
│
├── manager.py        # 管理 CPU 核数子进程
├── supervisor.py     # 守护 manager.py
├── logs\
│   └── manager-1.log, manager-2.log ...
├── 

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✅ 二、manager.py（启动与 CPU 数相同的子进程，并写日志）

import multiprocessing
import subprocess
import time
import sys
import os
from threading import Threaddef run_worker(python_exe, script_path, idx):log_path = f"./logs/manager-{idx}.log"os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(log_path), exist_ok=True)while True:with open(log_path, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:print(f"[Worker-{idx}] Starting process...")try:p = subprocess.Popen([python_exe, script_path],stdout=f,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)p.wait()print(f"[Worker-{idx}] Process exited with code {p.returncode}")except Exception as e:f.write(f"[Worker-{idx}] Error: {e}\n")f.write(f"[Worker-{idx}] Restarting in 2 seconds...\n")time.sleep(2)def main():cpu_count = multiprocessing.cpu_count()print(f"CPU cores detected: {cpu_count}")python_exe = r"C:\python.exe"script_path = r"C:\workspace\webunlock.py"workers = []for i in range(cpu_count):t = Thread(target=run_worker, args=(python_exe, script_path, i + 1), daemon=True)t.start()workers.append(t)try:while True:time.sleep(10)except KeyboardInterrupt:print("Manager exiting...")if __name__ == "__main__":main()

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✅ 三、supervisor.py（守护 manager.py）

import subprocess
import time
import osMANAGER_SCRIPT = r"C:\workspace\manager.py"
PYTHON_EXE = r"C:\python.exe"def run_manager():log_path = r"C:\workspace\supervisor.log"os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(log_path), exist_ok=True)while True:with open(log_path, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:try:print("Starting manager.py ...")p = subprocess.Popen([PYTHON_EXE, MANAGER_SCRIPT], stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)p.wait()f.write(f"[Supervisor] manager.py exited with code {p.returncode}\n")except Exception as e:f.write(f"[Supervisor] Error: {e}\n")f.write("[Supervisor] Restarting manager.py in 5 seconds...\n")time.sleep(5)if __name__ == "__main__":run_manager()

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✅ 四、安装 NSSM 为系统服务（建议）

1. 下载 NSSM：
   官网：https://nssm.cc/download

2. 解压，命令行打开 NSSM 目录，运行：

nssm install Supervisor

3. 在弹窗中配置：

• Path: C:\python.exe
• Arguments: supervisor.py
• Startup Directory: C:\workspace

4. 点击 “Install service”

5. 启动服务：

nssm start Supervisor

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✅ 五、服务控制命令

nssm start Supervisor
nssm stop Supervisor
nssm restart Supervisor

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📝 可选：一键注册服务 .bat 示例（register_service.bat）

@echo off
set PYTHON_EXE=C:\python.exe
set SUPERVISOR_PATH=C:\supervisor.py
set WORK_DIR=C:\workspace\nssm install Supervisor %PYTHON_EXE% %SUPERVISOR_PATH%
nssm set Supervisor AppDirectory %WORK_DIR%
nssm start Supervisorecho Service Supervisor installed and started.
pause

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✅ 总结

目标	已解决方式
启动 N 个子进程	manager.py 自动读取 CPU 数
异常自动重启	每个进程/manager 均守护重启
开机启动	使用 NSSM 注册为系统服务
日志记录	日志按进程编号保存到 logs 目录