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vue+threeJS 创建镂空球体（SphereGeometry）

backend 2025/5/24 6:11:56

嗨，我是小路。今天主要和大家分享的主题是“vue+threeJS 创建镂空球体（SphereGeometry）”。

上次看到一个做镂空球体的项目，自己也准备尝试着做一做。今天终于做完了，并对这个项目进行梳理。

镂空球体示例效果图

1.ShaderMaterial 编写着色器代码

定义：提供了一种灵活的方式来自定义材质的外观。通过编写着色器代码（GLSL），你可以实现非常独特和复杂的视觉效果

属性列表	列表说明
vertexShader	顶点着色器
fragmentShader	片段着色器

2.vUv 模型文理坐标

定义：用于将模型的UV纹理坐标（范围[0,1]）从顶点着色器传递到片元着色器

二、实例代码

<!--创建一个球体-->
<template><div class="pageBox"><div class="leftBox" ref="leftRef"></div></div></template>
<script setup>
import { onMounted, onUnmounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue';
import * as THREE from 'three';
// 引入轨道控制器扩展库OrbitControls.js
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
import { getRandomColor, createLight,createTriangle } from '../utils/commonThree';
const leftRef = ref();
// 定义相机输出画布的尺寸(单位:像素px)
let width = window.innerWidth; //宽度
let height = window.innerHeight; //高度
// 创建3D场景对象Scene
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
//设置背景色
scene.background = getRandomColor(0.5,0.4);const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, width / height, 0.1, 1000);
//三角形缩放过大时，会形成多种三角形形成的背景图
camera.position.z = 1000;// 创建渲染器对象
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();let triangles = [];
let spheres = [];/*** 生成一个球体*/const createSphere = (radius = 1) => {const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(radius, 32, 32);//生成一个矩形// const sphereGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(radius,radius,radius)const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({color: getRandomColor(),})const shaderMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({uniforms: {time: { value: 0 }},vertexShader: `varying vec2 vUv;void main() {vUv = uv;gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);}`,fragmentShader: `varying vec2 vUv;void main() {float lineWidth =  0.04;float lineNumber = 20.0;float x = fract(vUv.x*lineNumber);float y = fract(vUv.y*lineNumber);if(x < lineWidth || y < lineWidth) {gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(0.0),1.0);} else {gl_FragColor = vec4(1.);}}`,side: THREE.DoubleSide});const sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, shaderMaterial);//设置网格的随机位置// sphere.position.set(//   (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2000,//   (Math.random() - 0.5) * 1000,//   (Math.random() - 0.5) * 1000// );return sphere;
}onMounted(() => {initData()//添加相机空间const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);// 如果OrbitControls改变了相机参数，重新调用渲染器渲染三维场景controls.addEventListener('change', function () {renderer.render(scene, camera); //执行渲染操作});//监听鼠标、键盘事件renderer.setSize(width, height); //设置three.js渲染区域的尺寸(像素px)//将innerHTML置空，避免append重复添加渲染leftRef.value.innerHTML = ''leftRef.value.append(renderer.domElement);})
const initData = () => {createLight(scene);for (let i = 1; i >= 0; i--) {const outSphere = createSphere(500);spheres.push(outSphere);scene.add(outSphere);}for (let j = 1000; j >= 0; j--) {const triangle = createTriangle(getRandomColor(),2000,1000,1000);triangles.push(triangle);scene.add(triangle);}render();
}
function render() {requestAnimationFrame(render);// 旋转所有三角形triangles.forEach(triangle => {triangle.rotation.x += 0.01;triangle.rotation.y += 0.01;});//旋转球体spheres.forEach(sphere => {sphere.rotation.x += 0.01;sphere.rotation.y += 0.01;});renderer.render(scene, camera);
}
onUnmounted(() => {//释放内存renderer.dispose();
})</script>
<style scoped lang="less">
.pageBox {width: 100%;height: 100vh;padding: 0;margin: 0;display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items: center;.rightBox {width: 100%;height: 100%;}
}
</style>