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【笔记】Poetry虚拟环境创建示例

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#工作记录

【笔记】结合 Conda任意创建和配置不同 Python 版本的双轨隔离的 Poetry 虚拟环境-CSDN博客

在PowerShell中：

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindowsLoading personal and system profiles took 3890ms.
(base) PS C:\Users\love> conda activate python311
(python311) PS C:\Users\love> cd F:\PythonProjects\test3
(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3> & "D:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\python311\Scripts\poetry.exe" config virtualenvs.create true
(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3> & "D:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\python311\Scripts\poetry.exe" initThis command will guide you through creating your pyproject.toml config.Package name [test3]:  test3
Version [0.1.0]:
Description []:
Author [love530love <love530love@qq.com>, n to skip]:
License []:
Compatible Python versions [>=3.11]:Would you like to define your main dependencies interactively? (yes/no) [yes] yesYou can specify a package in the following forms:- A single name (requests): this will search for matches on PyPI- A name and a constraint (requests@^2.23.0)- A git url (git+https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry.git)- A git url with a revision         (git+https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry.git#develop)- A file path (../my-package/my-package.whl)- A directory (../my-package/)- A url (https://example.com/packages/my-package-0.1.0.tar.gz)Package to add or search for (leave blank to skip):Would you like to define your development dependencies interactively? (yes/no) [yes] yes
Package to add or search for (leave blank to skip):Generated file[project]
name = "test3"
version = "0.1.0"
description = ""
authors = [{name = "*****",email = "*****@q q.com"}
]
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.11"
dependencies = [
][build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"Do you confirm generation? (yes/no) [yes] yes
(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3>

过程解读

这段 PowerShell 操作记录完整展示了在 Conda 环境下使用 Poetry 初始化项目的过程，每个步骤都与 Windows 系统下 PowerShell 的特性紧密相关，以下是逐行解读：

启动 PowerShell 并加载配置

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindowsLoading personal and system profiles took 3890ms.

2. 激活 Conda 环境

(base) PS C:\Users\love> conda activate python311
(python311) PS C:\Users\love>

(base) PS C:\Users\love> 表示当前处于 Conda 的基础环境。
conda activate python311 命令用于激活名为 python311 的 Conda 环境，激活成功后，命令提示符前缀变为 (python311) PS C:\Users\love>，表明后续操作将在 python311 环境中执行。
这一步是为后续使用该环境中的 Python 和 Poetry 工具做准备，确保操作在指定的 Python 版本环境下进行。

3. 切换到项目目录

(python311) PS C:\Users\love> cd F:\PythonProjects\test3
(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3>

cd F:\PythonProjects\test3 命令将当前工作目录切换到 F:\PythonProjects\test3，后续的 Poetry 操作将基于此目录进行，确保项目相关文件（如 pyproject.toml）生成在正确的位置。

4. 配置 Poetry 虚拟环境创建

(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3> & "D:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\python311\Scripts\poetry.exe" config virtualenvs.create true

在 PowerShell 中，使用 & 符号调用可执行文件（这里是 Poetry 的可执行文件 poetry.exe），config virtualenvs.create true 命令配置 Poetry，使其自动创建虚拟环境。如果不使用 & 符号，PowerShell 会将其视为普通字符串，导致语法错误。这一步配置是为了让 Poetry 在后续初始化项目时，自动为项目创建独立的虚拟环境。

5. 初始化 Poetry 项目

(python311) PS F:\PythonProjects\test3> & "D:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\python311\Scripts\poetry.exe" init

再次使用 & 调用 poetry.exe 执行 init 命令，启动 Poetry 项目初始化向导。
后续的交互过程如下：

This command will guide you through creating your pyproject.toml config.Package name [test3]:  test3
Version [0.1.0]:
Description []:
Author [***** <*****@q q.com>, n to skip]:
License []:
Compatible Python versions [>=3.11]:

Poetry 提示用户输入项目相关信息，如包名、版本、描述、作者、许可证以及兼容的 Python 版本。方括号内的值为默认值，用户直接回车则采用默认值。这里用户保持大部分默认设置，仅确认了包名为 test3。

6. 配置项目依赖

Would you like to define your main dependencies interactively? (yes/no) [yes] yesYou can specify a package in the following forms:- A single name (requests): this will search for matches on PyPI- A name and a constraint (requests@^2.23.0)- A git url (git+https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry.git)- A git url with a revision         (git+https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry.git#develop)- A file path (../my-package/my-package.whl)- A directory (../my-package/)- A url (https://example.com/packages/my-package-0.1.0.tar.gz)Package to add or search for (leave blank to skip):Would you like to define your development dependencies interactively? (yes/no) [yes] yes
Package to add or search for (leave blank to skip):

Poetry 询问用户是否交互式定义项目的主依赖和开发依赖，并列出了多种添加依赖的方式。用户两次选择 yes 后，均直接回车跳过添加，意味着当前项目暂不添加任何依赖。

7. 确认生成项目配置文件

Generated file[project]
name = "test3"
version = "0.1.0"
description = ""
authors = [{name = "*****",email = "*****@q q.com"}
]
readme = "README.md"
requires-python = ">=3.11"
dependencies = [
][build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0,<3.0.0"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"Do you confirm generation? (yes/no) [yes] yes

Poetry 展示了根据用户输入生成的 pyproject.toml 文件内容，包括项目基本信息、依赖配置和构建系统信息。用户输入 yes 确认生成该配置文件，完成项目初始化过程。

总的来说，这段操作通过 PowerShell 在 Conda 环境中使用 Poetry 完成了项目初始化，充分体现了 PowerShell 调用可执行文件的语法特点，以及 Poetry 项目初始化的交互流程。